How To
Discover Medshop Australia’s comprehensive how to guides and learn more about a broad range of healthcare and medical industry topics. From using a ventilator and defibrillator to finding your nearest AED in an emergency, we have all the information you need. Subscribe to the blog or contact us today for more information.
March 21, 2024
Steven Cumper
What is a Pulse Oximeter?
Measuring the oxygen saturation in a patient’s blood can tell a doctor a lot about their condition. In many cases, this measurement is an important indicator of the health of a patient and, if it drops, can be an early warning sign that something is wrong. Oxygen saturation is often regarded as a fifth vital sign, and monitoring levels of oxygen in the blood is now a standard part of patient care. Today, we’re taking a closer look at these small but powerful devices and finding out exactly how pulse oximetry contributes to the diagnoses, treatment and outcomes of patients. What is a Pulse Oximeter and What Does it Measure? A pulse oximeter is a medical device used to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood and pulse rate. They are the small, clip-on devices that you see attached to patients’ fingertips. If you’ve ever been admitted to hospital, or watched a medical documentary or drama, you’ve almost certainly seen a pulse oximeter. A pulse oximeter is mainly used to take two important measurements: Oxigen Saturation Blood oxygen saturation is also known as SpO2. A SpO2 reading of 95% or more is generally considered to be normal. A SpO2 reading of 92% or less (at sea level) is an indicator that there’s not enough oxygen in the blood. This is important as low oxygen saturation levels, also known as hypoxemia, can lead to a number of acute, adverse effects. If low oxygen levels are experienced for an extended period of time, it can result in long term damage to a number of organs and negatively impact the patient’s outcome. Pulse Rate Pulse rate is one of the most important vital signs doctors use when caring for their patients. Most pulse oximeters will display the pulse rate – also known as heart rate, or HR - in terms of beats per minute. A normal resting heartbeat should be between 60-100 beats per minute. If a heart is beating more than 100 times per minute, it’s called tachycardia. A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute is known as bradycardia. Both low and high pulse rates can be a sign that there’s something wrong. What is the purpose of a Pulse Oximeter? There are a number of reasons why a pulse oximeter might be required. These devices are commonly used to monitor patients when they are admitted to hospital. Even if their injury, disease or illness isn’t related to the respiratory or circulatory systems, it can still have an impact on blood oxygen saturation, so it’s important to keep a close eye on SpO2 readings. Patients who have chronic lung conditions or heart disease will often be monitored using a pulse oximeter. In some cases, they’ll be given pulse oximeters to use at home so they can monitor their own pulse rate and SpO2 levels. Conditions that commonly require a pulse oximeter include: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Pneumonia Lung disease and cancer Anaemia Heart attack or heart failure Congenital heart defects How Do You Use a Pulse Oximeter? A pulse oximeter works by attaching painlessly to the fingertip. Once in place, they send two wavelengths of light into the finger, one to check pulse rate and the other to check oxygen saturation. This process takes a matter of seconds to complete. The readings made by the pulse oximeter are then displayed on the monitor, or handheld screen, that comes with the device. Pulse oximeters are used both for long-term patient monitoring and one-off checks. In some cases, they are also given to outpatients to use at home. This allows people living with chronic conditions to monitor their level of oxygen without visiting their doctor. What is PI on a Pulse Oximeter? Some pulse oximeters also display a PI reading. PI stands for Perfusion Index and it shows how strong the pulse is at the point where the pulse oximeter is attached. A PI display will range from 0.02% for a very weak pulse to 20% for a strong pulse. The higher the number, the better the blood flow to the fingertip. If the PI is persistently low, it could point to an issue with the patient’s circulation. Poor circulation can cause a number of problems, especially in the extremities. If a person has a low PI for an extended period of time, doctors will need to take action to help blood circulate more efficiently around the body. What is a Pulse Oximeter Used For? There are a number of reasons why a pulse oximeter might be required. These devices are commonly used to monitor patients when they are admitted to hospital. Even if their injury, disease or illness isn’t related to the respiratory or circulatory systems, it can still have an impact on blood oxygen saturation, so it’s important to keep a close eye on SpO2 readings. Patients who have chronic lung conditions or heart disease will often be monitored using a pulse oximeter. In some cases, they’ll be given pulse oximeters to use at home so they can monitor their own pulse rate and SpO2 levels. Conditions that commonly require a pulse oximeter include: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Pneumonia Lung disease and cancer Anaemia Heart attack or heart failure Congenital heart defects What is PI on a Pulse Oximeter? Some pulse oximeters also display a PI reading. PI stands for Perfusion Index and it shows how strong the pulse is at the point where the pulse oximeter is attached. A PI display will range from 0.02% for a very weak pulse to 20% for a strong pulse. The higher the number, the better the blood flow to the fingertip. If the PI is persistently low, it could point to an issue with the patient’s circulation. Poor circulation can cause a number of problems, especially in the extremities. If a person has a low PI for an extended period of time, doctors will need to take action to help blood circulate more efficiently around the body. How Accurate are Pulse Oximeters? Pulse oximeters exhibit their highest level of accuracy when blood oxygen saturation falls within the range of 90% to 100%. As saturation levels decrease to between 80% and 90%, the accuracy of these devices diminishes. Their least accurate readings occur when saturation levels drop below 80%. It's important to note that readings may deviate by a few percentage points. For instance, if an FDA-cleared pulse oximeter indicates a saturation level of 90%, the actual oxygen saturation in the blood typically ranges between 86% and 94%. In general, most individuals with good health maintain blood oxygen levels between 95% and 100%, although this range may be lower for those with lung-related conditions. Why Use a Pulse Oximeter at Home? If you have a disease or condition that affects your lungs, heart or circulatory system, your healthcare provider may ask you to use a pulse oximeter at home. Monitoring your blood oxygen saturation at home can help you keep an eye on your health without constant visits to the doctor. Even people who don’t suffer from a chronic condition can benefit from having a pulse oximeter at home. Patients who are suffering from chest infections, and those concerned about COVID-19, can use a device to check SpO2 and pulse rate without visiting their doctor. If oxygen saturation falls, or their heart rate changes dramatically, it can be a sign that they need to seek proper medical care. As an expert in healthcare we also recommend for patients with COPD to actively monitor their oxygen levels at home, especially between doctor visits. A pulse oximeter provides a convenient way to track oxygen saturation levels and identify any trends or fluctuations. By regularly monitoring and documenting these readings, patients can play a more active role in managing their condition and communicate effectively with their healthcare provider. Which Pulse Oximeter Should I Buy? There is a broad choice of pulse oximeters on the market. This makes it easy to find the device that’s right for you. Pulse oximeters come in two basic designs, one type has a separate display and fingertip clip and the other has the display integrated into the main body of the device. In general, integrated pulse oximeters are more affordable than those with separate clips and displays. Pulse Oximeters for Home Use If you need a pulse oximeter for home use, an integrated fingertip pulse oximeter is probably the best choice. These compact oximeters sit comfortably on the fingertip and have clear digital displays and easy to use interfaces. This type of pulse oximeter is readily available for around $100. The Rossmax Finger Pulse Oximeter SB100 and the A340 Dual Colour OLED Fingertip Pulse Oximeter from Aero Healthcare, are both good options if you’re looking for a compact device. Pulse Oximeters for Children If you’re looking for a compact fingertip pulse oximeter for a child, Biolight Finger Pulse Oximeter is perfect. Lightweight, colourful and specifically designed for paediatric patients, it will help you to get accurate readings fast. The device comes with a convenient neck strap for hands free storage. This is especially useful when you’re out and about. Pulse Oximeters for Long Term Monitoring Although fingertip pulse oximeters are great for spot checks and home use, they’re often less versatile than devices with separate displays. If you need a pulse oximeter for long-term observation, a device with a separate handheld screen – or one that connects to a monitor – is ideal. Rossmax Hand Held Pulse Oximeter & Artery Check SA300 is a great option for hospital and clinical use or long term at home care. The device comes with an adult probe plus probes for neonatal and paediatric patients. It will give instantaneous warnings if readings fall outside the normal range and has a clear, backlit LCD screen. Commonly used in healthcare settings including emergency rooms, it’s one of the most trusted pulse oximeters around. If you’d like to find out more about pulse oximeters, or explore our range of products, take a look at the Medshop website or get in touch with a member of our team today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
March 21, 2024
Steven Cumper
How to Read a Pulse Oximeter Like a Boss
Accurately using a pulse oximeter is really not that difficult. In fact, by the time you finish reading this blog, you’ll see that there’s not much to it.
February 28, 2024
Steven Cumper
What is a Welch Allyn Otoscope and How to Use One
When it comes to medical diagnostics, few tools are as essential and irreplaceable as the otoscope. First described in the 14th century and modified in the 19th, diagnostic otoscopes are one of the most recognisable and commonly used medical instruments around, and the technology has made significant advances since those early designs. Investing in high quality otoscopes, alongside other diagnostic equipment such as ophthalmoscopes, retinoscopes, stethoscopes, and sphygmomanometers will help doctors and other medical professionals to accurately assess and diagnose their patients. Otoscopes can be used to screen for a variety of illnesses and conditions and are commonly used both in general checkups and specialist consultations. They are also available in a wide range of designs, with additional functionality that extends to examining the nasal canal and the throat. This in turn allows hospitals and clinics to provide patients with high-quality medical care that covers a broad range of areas. What is a Welch Allyn Otoscope? A Welch Allyn otoscope is a standard diagnostic tool produced by well-known medical manufacturer Welch Allyn. The Welch Allyn otoscope is a handheld instrument used by healthcare professionals to examine the ear canal and eardrum. It typically consists of a light source, a magnifying lens, and a disposable speculum or tip for hygienic examination. The US-based company is one of the most well-established names in the world of medical tools and accessories. Known for the quality of its products, its consistently high standards, and its innovative instruments, Welch Allyn is a trusted source for diagnostic sets and tools of all kinds. Types of Welch Allyn Otoscopes The otoscopes produced by the brand offer a number of useful functions and features. The company’s most affordable model is the Welch Allyn Pocket LED Otoscope. The device comes in four bright colours, making it ideal for use with younger patients and on paediatric wards. The instrument comes with either halogen HPX lighting or SureColour LED technology to allow doctors to accurately see all parts of the ear. It offers 2.5x magnification, increased battery life and a compact, lightweight design. The Welch Allyn 3.5V otoscope is a more advanced tool with a wider choice of functions. Six different heads are available for the otoscope, giving doctors a precise, specialist tool that’s ideal for their needs. Otoscope heads available include models with throat illuminators, models that feature lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium rechargeable handles, reusable ear specula and tools for pneumatic otoscopy. The Welch Allyn MacroView otoscope 3.5V offers doctors even better optics and magnification than other models. The instrument offers 30% higher magnification than traditional otoscopes and delivers almost twice the field of view at high magnifications compared to standard devices through the use of fiber-optic cool light technology. This can make it a lot easier to visualise the auditory canal and tympanic membrane. MacroView otoscopes are often used to enhance learning opportunities, aid decision making and boost patient outcomes. How to Use a Welch Allyn Otoscope Welch Allyn otoscopes are designed to be easy and intuitive to use, helping make diagnostics in patients more efficient. Adjustments can be made using the switches and dials on the head of the device, and with some instruments, you will also have the option of changeable heads. This provides the user with improved functionality and specialist features that suit a variety of examinations. Prepare the Otoscope Attach the appropriate speculum or tip onto the otoscope. Choose a size that fits comfortably into the patient's ear canal. Illuminate the Otoscope Activate the light source of the otoscope to ensure clear visibility during the examination. Insert the Otoscope Gently grasp the patient's outer ear and gently pull it upwards and backwards to straighten the ear canal. With the otoscope handle in one hand, carefully insert the otoscope into the ear canal with the other hand, avoiding excessive pressure. When otoscopes are held incorrectly, any flinches or sudden movements from the patient can result in damage to the ear canal. We recommend resting a finger against the patient’s neck should help to brace the otoscope and prevent the instrument causing any injuries. Examine the Ear Canal Slowly advance the otoscope into the ear canal while observing the ear canal walls for any signs of redness, swelling, discharge, or other abnormalities. Rotate the otoscope as needed to visualize different areas of the ear canal. If the area of the ear that needs to be examined isn’t clearly visible on the first attempt, the focus of the otoscope can be adjusted for better clarity. You may need to do this multiple times to find the best setting during the examination. Visualize the Eardrum Continue advancing the otoscope until the eardrum (tympanic membrane) comes into view. The eardrum should appear translucent and pearly gray in color. Note any signs of perforation, fluid accumulation, or other abnormalities. If doctors want to assess the tympanic membrane, they can use a pneumatic otoscope. These use changes in pressure to move the membrane, allowing diagnosis of issues in this part of the ear. Assessing this movement allows doctors to check for conditions including middle ear effusions, vascular lesions and inner ear fistulas. When the exam is complete, the used speculum should be removed from the otoscope to be cleaned and disinfected thoroughly before being returned. Additionally, proper storage of the specula and other accessories associated with your otoscope will help to extend their working life. Can an Otoscope See the Inner Ear? Otoscopes can’t be used to check the inner ear, however, they can provide doctors with useful information about the overall health of the ear and its various components, allowing a diagnosis of the inner ear based on the results. An otoscope allows doctors to see the ear canal and tympanic membrane. During an ear examination, an otoscope can be used to check for signs of infection, swelling, injury and other abnormalities. How Much Does an Otoscope Cost? The price of an otoscope varies according to its functionality, design, and the range of accessories included in the specific diagnostic kit. Standard otoscopes are available for less than $150 while more advanced models can cost over $200. More advanced otoscopes are often used by specialists while standard models are commonly used for check ups and other routine procedures. The Welch Allyn PocketScope Otoscope is the most affordable in our collection, while the MacroView and Welch Allyn 3.5V otoscopes are at the top end of the range. Welch Allyn produces a selection of accessories and parts for their otoscope range, although in many cases you will receive at least some of the accessories you need as part of your otoscope set. These help doctors to tailor their instruments to perfectly suit their patients and their medical requirements, allowing for a broad range of examinations within the ear, nose, and throat. Otoscopes are an essential tool for all family doctors and ear, nose and throat specialists, and they are among the most commonly used devices within the professional healthcare sector. For this reason, choosing a trusted brand such as Welch Allyn is a good way to ensure you are providing the best healthcare to your patients and that you get value for money with a device designed to last. To find out more about these innovative instruments and other Welch Allyn diagnostic sets and devices, browse the Medshop online store today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
January 31, 2024
Steven Cumper
How To Use a Digital Thermometer — A Guide
Quick, efficient and easy to use, digital thermometers are an increasingly popular choice for both domestic and professional users. There are three main types of digital thermometers: ear (tympanic) thermometer, digital ‘stick’ thermometers and infrared thermometer. Each type of thermometer provides fast, accurate readings, giving health professionals invaluable diagnostic information. In order to ensure that readings taken from a digital thermometer are as accurate and as useful as possible, the device needs to be used and read correctly. To help you precisely assess yourself, your child, or your patient, we’re looking at how to take a temperature with a digital thermometer. How To Use a Digital Thermometer? In most cases, doctors, nurses and other medical professionals will be shown how to take a temperature with a digital thermometer as part of their workplace training. However, it’s always a good idea to refresh your knowledge on the subject on a regular basis, especially as products, guidelines and standard practices change over time. Before using a digital thermometer, it's essential to identify the thermometer's intended use, as they're designed for specific measurement sites: ear (tympanic), oral (under the tongue), rectal, or axillary (under the arm). Some models, particularly tympanic thermometers, offer the versatility of infrared forehead readings, expanding their utility. Using a digital thermometer accurately is a blend of technique, knowledge, and experience. We advise that you always ensure the thermometer is clean and correctly set up before use. Also, patience is key, wait for the thermometer to signal that it has finished reading. This patience ensures accuracy, which is essential for making informed health decisions. How To Use a Digital Ear Thermometer? Instructions on how to use a digital ear thermometer should come with your device. These instructions will give you a precise idea of exactly how your thermometer works and how to get the best results. In general, your reading will be most accurate if the thermometer is placed in the correct position. Most digital ear thermometers require you to pull the ear gently back and out so that the probe can fit snugly into the ear canal. Once the thermometer is in position, wait until the device beeps. This will tell you that the reading has been taken successfully. In some cases, you may need to press a button to trigger the device. The thermometer should only take a few seconds to take the reading. It’s important that the patient remains still until the reading is complete. For accurate and reliable measurements, consider using the Welch Allyn Pro 6000. Once the patient’s temperature has been taken, the results will be displayed on the small digital screen on the side of the thermometer. In most cases, you’ll be able to choose whether to see results displayed in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. Some thermometers also give you the option to save readings for future comparison. If there’s any uncertainty about a reading, taking it again after a short interval can help ensure accuracy. However, be mindful that factors like earwax buildup, ear infections, or the shape of the ear canal can affect readings. In such cases, alternative types of thermometers might be more suitable. Your digital ear thermometer should be cleaned and sterilized after each use to avoid infection. How Do You Use a Digital Infrared Thermometer on the Forehead? Non-contact forehead thermometers like Omron MC720 are a good option for people who need fast, hygienic temperature readings. As they don’t touch the skin of the patient, they can be used on multiple people without the need for sterilization. When using a digital forehead thermometer, it’s always best to read the manufacturer’s guidelines before you begin. This will help to ensure your readings are as accurate as possible. When taking a reading, ensure the patient's forehead is around 2-3 cm from the thermometer, clear of hair, sweat, or cosmetics, as these can affect accuracy. Position the thermometer parallel to the forehead for a direct, unobstructed path to the skin. Press the main button to initiate the reading, and remember to keep the thermometer steady at the recommended distance until it signals the completion of the measurement, usually with a beep. It’s also advisable to take multiple readings and use the average to ensure accuracy, especially if the readings seem inconsistent. How To Use a Digital ‘Stick’ Thermometer in the Mouth? As an expert in the field, we'd like to emphasize the importance of proper preparation and usage when employing a digital mouth thermometer. Before any measurement, it's crucial to clean and sterilize the thermometer. This step ensures accuracy in readings and prevents cross-contamination, especially important in a clinical or multi-user environment. For accurate and reliable temperature measurements, consider the Welcare Digital Thermometers. When you’re ready, place the thermometer under the patient’s tongue, towards the back of their mouth. This area, known as the sublingual pocket, is ideal for temperature measurement due to its rich blood supply, providing a more accurate reflection of the body's core temperature. Ask the patient to close their lips around the thermometer. You’ll then need to wait until the device beeps or flashes to show the reading is complete before removing it. Some devices require you to trigger the reading manually using a large button on the front of the thermometer. How To Read a Digital ‘Stick’ Thermometer Under the Arm? When taking a temperature under arm with a digital thermometer, you’ll need to place the device directly against the skin and hold the arm gently against it. If you’re not sure how long to leave the digital thermometer under arm, simply wait until the device beeps or flashes to indicate the reading is complete, or check the manufacturer’s instructions. Clean the thermometer with disinfectant before storing it away. Keep in mind that underarm temperatures can be slightly lower than oral temperatures. If the reading is unusually high or if you have any concerns, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider. How To Take Children Temperature with Digital Thermometer? If you’re taking the temperature of a young baby, you’ll need to use an under arm digital thermometer or a forehead thermometer, as a suitable suggestion you could use Infant Tympanic Thermometer. If you’re unsure where to take the temperature with a digital thermometer, opt for an under arm reading as the baby is less likely to move and cause an inaccurate result. Older children can have their temperature taken with ear, mouth, armpit or forehead devices. Whichever method you choose, make sure the child stays as still as possible for the duration of the reading. If they move, you may need to take multiple readings in order to get an accurate result. Can You Use a Digital Thermometer for Basal Temp The basal temperature is an indicator of when a woman is ovulating. A lot of women track this temperature throughout their menstrual cycle in order to improve their chances of conceiving. We recommend basal body temperature to be measured immediately upon waking, before any physical activity is undertaken, to ensure accuracy and It's crucial to take the temperature at the same time every morning. Digital thermometers can be used to check a woman’s basal temperature. However, it’s often better to invest in a specialist basal body thermometer as these are more sensitive than standard digital thermometers and so are more likely to produce an accurate result. Basal thermometers often also come with a choice of programmes and memory options to make it easy to monitor your temperature during ovulation. Learn more about digital thermometers, and the high quality products we offer, by exploring our range or getting in touch with a member of our team today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
December 18, 2020
Medshop Editor
What is a Spirometer? Your Guide to Spirometry
Lung function is an important measure of a patient’s health. If the lungs are working well, a person should be able to breathe deeply, inhale plenty of oxygen and carry out daily tasks without a problem. If the lungs are damaged or suffering from disease, something as simple as breathing can be a challenge. Accurately measuring and monitoring lung function and airflow allows doctors to diagnose a range of illnesses and conditions and assess patients suffering from lung disease. One of the best ways of checking lung capacity and lung function is a spirometry test. Used by doctors in clinics, hospitals and surgeries around the world, this simple but effective test can be an important indicator of how efficiently the lungs are working. If you’re currently experiencing shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, your doctor may well use a spirometer to assess your condition. Learning all about what a spirometer is and what it is used for will help you prepare for the test and fully understand your spirometry results. What is a Spirometer? A spirometer is a small machine that is attached to a mouthpiece. Some spirometers have digital displays and are able to print the results of pulmonary function tests. Other spirometers are able to connect wirelessly to computers in order to provide doctors and nurses with a more user-friendly experience. Spirometers are used extensively in doctor’s surgeries, clinics and hospitals. A spirometry test is a quick outpatient procedure that’s commonly used to determine lung function and capacity. Spirometers allow the results of these tests to be known almost immediately, giving doctors a very useful tool for monitoring and diagnosing their patients with issues such as bronchitis and emphysema among many others. What Does a Spirometer Look Like? As different manufacturers use different designs, spirometers can vary significantly in their appearance. However, most devices are relatively small and all come with inhalers to allow the patient to take a deep breath into the machine. Some spirometers have built-in digital screens and others are designed to be paired with computers or monitors. A lot of high-quality contemporary spirometers have Bluetooth connectivity. This allows them to connect to mobile phones, printers and computers and helps to boost usability. What Does a Spirometer Measure? A spirometer is designed to measure two main things: The amount of air you can breathe out in one second The total volume of air you can exhale in one forced breath Doctors compare the measurements taken from a patient with other healthy people of a similar age, height and sex. If their results differ significantly from standard readings it could be an indication that something is wrong. Comparing the results of a patient’s spirometry test with other readings allows doctors to see if a lung problem is ‘obstructive’, ‘restrictive’ or both. Obstructive diseases affect a patient’s ability to breathe by narrowing their airways. However, the capacity of the lungs themselves is generally unaffected. Restrictive lung disease limits the amount of air a patient is able to hold in their lungs. This is generally because the lungs are unable to fully expand. What is a Spirometer Used to Diagnose? Spirometers are used to diagnose and assess a number of conditions and diseases. Some of the most common are: Asthma – an obstructive lung disease in which the airways become periodically swollen and narrowed. Asthma is normally a long-term condition. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) – a group of lung conditions that narrow the airway and make it difficult to breathe. Cystic fibrosis– a degenerative condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with thick, sticky mucus. Cystic fibrosisis genetic. Pulmonary fibrosis– scarring of the lungs caused by pollutants, medications and interstitial lung disease. Doctors use spirometers to diagnose these conditions and to monitor their progression. This is often very important as a lot of lung diseases are degenerative and so become worse over time. How Does A Spirometer Work and What is a Spirometry Test? As we’ve already seen, spirometers work by measuring both the amount of air you can breathe out in one second and the total volume a patient can exhale in one forced breath. Spirometers are used to carry out pulmonary function testing. During a test, you’ll be asked to sit down and a soft clip will be placed on your nose to ensure air doesn’t escape during the test. The nurse or doctor carrying out the spirometry test will tell you exactly what you need to do and may ask you to practice exhaling before they begin. When breathing into the spirometer, make sure you inhale deeply so your lungs are at their full capacity. You’ll then need to close your lips tightly around the mouthpiece before exhaling as quickly and as forcefully as you can. Make sure you expel all of the air from your lungs before you remove your mouth from the spirometer. You’ll normally need to repeat the test around three times in order to get accurate readings from your exhalations. In some cases, you’ll be given bronchodilator medication after the initial test and then asked to repeat the process after around 15 minutes. This allows doctors to assess whether or not your lungs respond to the medicine. What is a Normal Spirometer Reading? Your spirometry test will produce two main results. These are measured in terms of FVC ratio (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second). Doctors will also look at the FEV1/FVC ratio. FVC measures the total amount of air that you’re able to expel in one full breath. This is measured in litres. Healthy males aged 20-60 should be able to exhale 4.75 to 5.5 litres Healthy females aged 20-60 should be able to exhale 3.25 to 3.75 litres. FEV1 measures the amount of air you can forcefully expel in one second. Healthy males aged 20-60 should have an FEV1value of 4.5 to 3.5 litres Healthy females aged 20-60 should have an FEV1value of 3.25 to 2.5 litres The FVC/FEV1 ratio is calculated by dividing the measured FEV1 value by the measured FVC value. The ratio is expressed in terms of percentages. Healthy adults of the same age, height and gender should have a FVC/FEV1 predicted value of between 70% and 85%. A percentage of less than 70% is considered abnormal and could be a sign of obstructive lung disease. Types of Spirometers There are three main types of spirometers: standard spirometers, incentive spirometers and wet spirometers. Standard spirometers are used to check lung function and assess a patient’s condition. They’re commonly found in doctor’s surgeries and clinics and are used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. What is an Incentive Spirometer and What is it Used For? Incentive spirometers are generally used to help a patient recover following surgery or illness. When a patient uses an incentive spirometer, they’ll be asked to close their lips tightly around the mouthpiece before breathing in for as long as possible. As they inhale, they’ll see the piston in the device begin to rise. They should aim to get this piston as high as possible during these rehabilitative lung function tests. When the patient can no longer breathe in, they should remove the mouthpiece, hold their breath for 3-10 seconds and then exhale normally. Repeating these exercises on a regular basis can help to improve lung function, breathing problems, and prevent a range of complications such as pneumonia. Incentive spirometers are handheld devices that can be used by the patient at home or in a hospital ward. How Do You Use a Spirometer for Breathing Exercises? In order to improve your lung function, you’ll need to repeat the process of inhaling, holding your breath and exhaling a number of times. Coughing in between breaths will help to dislodge any mucus that’s built up in your airway and further aid recovery. If you feel dizzy or lightheaded when carrying out breathing exercises on an incentive spirometer, take a break for a few minutes before trying again. What is a Good Incentive Spirometer Reading? As incentive spirometers are generally used by patients recovering from illness or surgery, readings can vary widely. If your doctor has asked you to use an incentive spirometer to help your lung function, they should begin by talking to you about the test results to aim for and how they’d like your readings to improve over time. What is a Wet Spirometer? A wet spirometer works on broadly the same principle as a standard spirometer. However, this type of device measures lung volume by looking at the displacement of a closed chamber that’s partially submerged in water. Air blown into the inverted chamber causes it to rise and move an indicator along a scale. As wet spirometers are less compact and less portable than standard dry spirometers, they’re less commonly used in professional healthcare settings. How Much Does a Spirometer Cost? The cost of a spirometer can vary significantly depending on the brand and the functionality of the device. In general, good quality spirometers cost between $1,800-$2,800. If you’d like to find out more about spirometry or explore our excellent range of professional spirometers, take a look around the Medshop Australia store or get in touch with a member of our team today.
November 29, 2020
Steven Cumper
What Does N95 Mean? How and When to Wear an N95 Mask
Over the past few months, it’s safe to say that we’ve all become more aware of the importance of PPE, and the increase in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most essential elements of personal protective equipment, has allowed us to appreciate their efficacy like at no other time. Masks help to prevent virus droplets entering the respiratory system and stop an infected person from exposing others to risk, something which has proven critical in the fight against the coronavirus. However, today, people are wearing different types of masks in different environments, and from your standard cotton face covering to the iconic surgical mask, each offers different levels of respiratory protection and filtration efficiency. One of the most widely recognised standards used in medical settings is N95, and many healthcare workers will already be familiar with this type of disposable respirator. These types of masks are used in hospitals, clinics and doctors surgeries but they are also becoming increasingly common outside of these settings as members of the public strive to stop the spread of the virus and protect themselves from airborne contaminants. For those unaware of the difference between a surgical N95 respirator and say, a less protective surgical mask or cotton face covering, here we look at exactly what these highly effective masks entail. Additionally, if you’re currently looking to restock your supplies of PPE, investing in good quality masks is essential, and here we take a closer look at how to wear them and how they can protect you and your patients from infection. What is a N95 Particulate Respirator? A N95 particulate respirator is a face mask that’s designed to filter out particulates as low as 0.3 microns. This type of facemask was originally developed for use in the mining and construction industries, specifically manufactured to protect the wearer from breathing in potentially dangerous particles in the atmosphere. N95 respirators have also been shown to be effective as protection against engineered nanoparticles and other aerosols. Standard N95 respirators will protect the wearer from a range of particles including dust, paint droplets and airborne pollution. They won’t protect against gasses or vapours and they are only effective in the absence of oil particles such as lubricants, cutting fluids and glycerine. If you want to protect yourself from virus droplets and infection, you need to look for a surgical N95 mask. These types of masks are designed to offer a tighter fit around the nose and mouth. This helps to prevent virus droplets being either inhaled or spread by the wearer. Using a N95 respirator mask correctly can significantly reduce the risk of infection and prevent the transmission of a virus. N95 masks that are used in medical settings are not reusable and should be disposed of after each use. However, N95 respirators that are used for industrial purposes can be cleaned and re-worn multiple times. There are some people who may not be able to wear N95 masks. This is because respirators can make breathing more difficult. If you have one of the following conditions, you should talk to your doctor before wearing a face covering. · Emphysema · Pulmonary fibrosis · Claustrophobia · Panic attacks · Heart disease · Anxiety · Autism What is a N95 Approved Mask? When a mask has a N95 rating it shows that it meets the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) N95 classification for air filtration. This standard states that a respirator needs to filter at least 95% of airborne particles. The standard does not require the mask to be resistant to oil. If a mask is N95 approved, it will prevent you from breathing in 95% of the particulates in the air around you. It won’t stop you from breathing oxygen. Only masks that meet this standard can be labelled as N95. These types of masks are also known as N95 filtering face piece respirators, and they are used by professionals in a number of industries including healthcare, construction and mining. How Long Can You Wear a N95 Mask? The length of time you can wear a N95 mask for will vary depending on the setting and the people you are coming into contact with. The CDC says that N95 respirator masks can be worn continuously for up to eight hours without a problem. This length of use is appropriate if you’re only working in healthcare settings where one patient or with a single group of patients are all infected with the same pathogen. If you’re moving between hospital wards or between patients with unknown infections, a new mask should be worn for each occasion. Changing masks on a regular basis helps to prevent cross contamination and protect patients and staff from infection. If you’re moving between patients and don’t have an option to dispose of your mask, wearing a clear visor can help to prevent virus droplets and small particles contaminating the respirator. Is a P2 Mask the Same as N95? When looking for PPE supplies, you may well see some face masks with a N95 rating and others with a P2 classification. Both N95 and P2 masks offer a high level of protection with . N95 masks filter at least 95% of particulates from the air while P2 masks filter 94%. The main difference between the standards is the area of classification. While N95 masks are rated by NIOSH, P2 masks are regulated by the European Union. How Does a N95 Mask Protect Against Viruses? A lot of viruses are spread by airborne particles. These particles are released into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or breathes next to a non-infected person. When the virus droplets are inhaled, the non-infected person can catch the virus and become ill. N95 respirators help to protect against the spread of viruses by through particulate filtering that prevents virus droplets in air entering into the mouth or nose. If an infected person wears a N95 mask, the respirator will prevent virus droplets from spreading when the person coughs, sneezes or exhales. If a non-infected person wears a N95 mask, they will be protected from 95% of the virus droplets in the air and have a much lower risk of becoming infected. How to Wear a N95 Respirator? Wearing your N95 respirator correctly will ensure you benefit from the full protection of the face mask. The respirator needs to cover both your nose and mouth and should form an air-tight seal with your face. If you’re not sure how to wear a N95 mask, ask your employer for guidance. What is a N95 Respirator Fit Test? A N95 Respirator Fit Test is used to ensure people using N95 masks know how to properly use the PPE. During the test, employees will be asked to try on a selection of N95 respirators. The person carrying out the test will check to see if the wearer is able to create an air-tight seal between the mask and their face. This is important as an air-tight seal will prevent contaminated air escaping from the mask and also prevent virus droplets entering the mask. Fit Tests should be carried out when this type of mask is first used and then every year after that. Once an employee has established which type of N95 mask fits them best, they should stick to this style for all future use. What Are N95 Mask Sizes? N95 masks are available in a range of sizes. This helps to ensure masks fit the wearer precisely. The way masks are sized varies depending on the manufacturer, and in most cases, you’ll be able to choose from small, small/medium, medium and medium/large sizes. If you work for a company or organisation that requires you to wear a N95 mask, they should provide you with a choice of sizes for your fit test. This will give you the opportunity to try on a few different sizes and find the mask that best fits your face shape. What is a N95 HEPA Mask? HEPA stands for high efficiency particulate air filter. HEPA filters are incredibly effective, removing between 99.95% and 99.999% of particulates from the air while also protecting the wearer from allergens, bacteria, mould, pollution and viruses. N95 respirators aren’t fitted with HEPA filters and only remove 95% of particulates from the air. In most medical settings, a N95 mask will offer sufficient protection. If you need more protection than a N95 mask provides, look for a HEPA air-purifying respirator or N100 respirator instead. What is a N95 Particulate Respirator Made Of? Most N95 particulate respirator masks are made from synthetic plastic fibres. These fibres are woven into a fine mesh and are able to catch at least 95% of particulates that pass through them. Polypropylene is one of the most common polymers used in the production of N95 masks. Where Can You Buy a N95 Mask in Australia? As N95 masks are an important part of PPE, they should always be purchased from a reliable supplier. This is true whether you’re working in construction, mining or healthcare. If you plan to buy a mask from a local hardware shop or another non-specialist retailer, make sure the mask is rated N95 and not KN95. The KN rating shows the product is made in China. And although these masks are supposed to meet the same standards as N95 respirators, NIOSH has found that, in many cases, KN95 masks fall well below standard. A good quality N95 mask will probably cost between $40 and $80. Discounts are often available for bulk orders, so if you’re purchasing on behalf of a clinic, hospital or group, make sure you take a look at the offers available before you buy. For the best choice of single-use N95 masks and the most competitive prices, take a look at the Medshop Australia collection today.
October 14, 2020
Steven Cumper
How to Find Your Nearest AED in Australia
An automated external defibrillator, or AED, is an essential piece of life-saving equipment. Used to restore normal rhythm to the heart when a person is in cardiac arrest, an AED can have a big impact on a patient’s chances of survival. In order to help more people survive a cardiac arrest, and give members of the public access to this life-saving tool, AEDs have been installed in a number of locations across Australia. From hospitals and schools to gyms and shopping centres, these publicly available AEDs can help provide fast, effective treatment to a person suffering a cardiac arrest. October 16th is Restart-a-Heart Day in Australia and New Zealand. To mark this important occasion, and to help raise awareness of the importance of AEDs, we’re taking a closer look at these important life-saving tools. What is an AED? AED is used to shock the heart back into a normal rhythm when a person is suffering a cardiac arrest. Unlike heart attacks, which are caused by a blockage in an artery to the heart, a cardiac arrest happens when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions. This malfunction results in abnormal heart rhythms, called arrhythmias, that make it very difficult for the heart to pump blood. The probability of survival decreases by 7% to 10% for every minute that a patient stays in a life-threatening arrhythmia. Quick, effective treatment is the best way to ensure a patient survives a cardiac arrest and isn’t left with long-term injuries. AEDs allow members of the public, or nearby medical staff, to administer life saving treatment before an ambulance arrives. These computerised defibrillators automatically analyse heart rhythms and administer a shock if an abnormal rhythm is detected. As the process is automated, the person using the defibrillator doesn’t need any medical training in order to provide assistance. This can save vital minutes in a medical emergency and help more people to survive a cardiac arrest. Where to find an AED in public places? In order to help members of the public, or medical personal, provide quick treatment to people suffering a cardiac arrest, AEDs are located in public and private buildings across the country. While many AEDs are registered, a lot aren’t. So knowing how to find AED equipment is essential. You’ll commonly find AEDs in large buildings and public locations such as: Hospitals – commonly found on hospital wards and in outpatient areas Community centres – often located in the foyer or reception area Schools – in the staff room or school office Office blocks – in the reception area or foyer Sports clubs – in the reception area or office Gyms – commonly kept close to exercise equipment like treadmills Shopping centres – in central locations like information desks Public libraries – in the reception area If you see someone having a cardiac arrest and are near one of these locations, they should be your first port of call when looking for an AED. When looking for an AED, keep your eyes peeled for an AED wall sign identifying its location. These signs should be installed next to every device to make them easier to find. How to find my nearest AED? There are a number of ways to find your nearest AED in Australia. One option is to head off on foot to one of the locations listed above. This can often be the quickest way of finding an AED. However, as not all offices, schools, sports clubs and gyms will have an AED, there are no guarantees your search will be successful. What’s more, as access to many of these locations will only be possible during opening hours, you’ll have to double check your watch when looking for an AED. The easiest way to find your nearest AED in Australia is to use the AED Locator app. Using the app to find AED machines close to you could save crucial minutes in an emergency. The AED Locator app has been specifically designed to help members of the public locate an AED fast. It uses the GPS on your phone to find your location and match you with the nearest AED. The app features an interactive map that will help you find the AED as quickly as possible. As well as helping you locate your nearest AED, the app allows you to report missing AEDs. This is incredibly important as a missing AED could put someone’s life at risk. You can download the AED Locator app here. Alternatively, you can find your nearest AED by checking the St John’s Ambulance website. This lets you view locations of nearby AEDs and also register an AED if you have one on your property. Click here to visit the St John’s ambulance site. Restart-a-Heart Day On October 16th, Australia and New Zealand will celebrate Restart a Heart Day. Taking place at the same time as Shocktober, an AED awareness campaign by Ambulance Victoria, the day will be used to promote information about cardiac arrests and teach people what to do if they see someone in distress. Every year, around 34,000 Australians and New Zealanders suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. After 10 minutes without intervention, the damage caused by cardiac arrest is nearly irreversible. If you know how to find an AED and what to do when someone has a cardiac arrest, you could significantly boost their chances of survival. To mark Restart-a-Heart Day, we’ll be offering 5% off of AEDs for the remainder of October. Use code: RESTARTHEART5 at the checkout. Find out more, and learn about the AEDs and other life saving products we offer, by exploring the Medshop site today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
April 20, 2020
Medshop Editor
Hand Hygiene Australia — The Medshop Guide to Washing Hands Correctly
Australia’s experience of the novel coronavirus has been, to date, less severe than the in US and many European countries. However, as states continue with lockdown measures and the government discusses the possibility of a mandatory app to trace citizens’ contact with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 carriers, it is clear that the threat is far from over. The calls to remain at home or self-isolate, to wear masks and follow stricter hygiene protocols, and to minimise contact with others wherever possible, are now recognised as entirely necessary. The efficacy of these measures abroad is reflected in the flattening of the curve, and as long as everyone recognises these responsibilities, it is hoped that catastrophe can be avoided. So, in order to reaffirm sanitary protocols and remind everyone part of mitigating the spread of the virus is simple as maintaining hand hygiene, here we detail the correct hand washing procedure to keep it fresh in your mind. When to Wash Your Hands Washing your hands should now be routine, and whenever you have returned home after being outside, or after you blow your nose, cough, or sneeze you should wash your hands thoroughly. However, there are plenty of other occasions when you should go through the process, and maintaining good habits now will protect you when lockdown measures are eased. Washing your hands often is important during the crisis, and during these key moments you should take extra care, both before and after: Preparing food Eating and drinking Using the toilet Touching garbage Handling pets Changing nappies or cleaning children Caring for the sick Treating a wound Additionally, with the rise of home deliveries of essential items and food, it is important to wash your hands after receiving packages, bags of food, or other items. Finally, any trip to the pharmacy or handling of pharmaceutical goods should always be preceded and followed by a thorough hand washing. Hand Washing Steps The correct hand washing procedure is simple and only takes a few minutes at most, however, there are a few crucial points that should be adhered to: Remove All Jewellery and Other Items Jewellery such as rings or bracelets make it more difficult to wash your hands thoroughly. Additionally, plasters or bandages should be removed wherever possible as these can be home to pathogens. Once you have completed washing your hands, fresh ones can be applied. Wet Hands and Apply Soap Using warm to hot water, wet your hands thoroughly and apply standard soap or liquid soap. Warm water is generally better as this helps to kill pathogens and allows the soap to work more effectively, however, when used with soap, cold water is also effective. Lather and ScrubLather the soap and scrub your hands for AT LEAST 20 SECONDS. Rub them together, lather the backs of your hands and also between your fingers. Ensure you spread the soap around and under your nails.Rinse Your HandsRinse your hands under warm water where possible and remove all of the soap. Continue rubbing your hands together as you do this. Dry Your HandsWhere possible, dry your hands with an air dryer. Alternatively, a clean towel or paper towel should be used. Dirty towels can help to spread pathogens. Other Points to Think About Following these simple handwashing procedures will help to minimise the threat of transmission of the virus between you, your family, and anyone else you may come into contact with. However, while out of the house, it is important to maintain hygiene standards even when handwashing facilities are difficult to access. In these instances, hand sanitiser or another alcohol-based hand cleaning product should be used to help mitigate infections. While not as effective as handwashing procedures, they can be extremely useful when out and about.
Join Our Newsletter
Exclusive discounts & promotions.