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November 19, 2024
Steven Cumper
From Home to Hospital: A Guide to Different Types of Defibrillators
Defibrillators have become a public health necessity for supporting people who experience SCAs, or sudden cardiac arrests, across Australia. In fact, there are more than 20,000 SCAs that take place out of the hospital every year, cross-country. Using the right type of defibrillator effectively could save someone’s life within minutes. But what are the different types of defibrillators, and what are they used for? In this guide, we explore the four main types, and what scenarios you might expect to use them in. Types of Defibrillators Defibrillators vary in terms of functionality and usability. The main four available to the public and businesses that install them include: Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) Manual Defibrillators Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators (WCDs) In many cases, you’ll come across the standard AED first – but let’s explore what each of the alternatives do, and why it’s worth keeping their functionality in mind. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Description AEDs are commonly found in public buildings and spaces across Australia. They have computers built-in that trace heart rhythms and guide users on when to deliver electric shocks to a patient. They can detect specific types of cardiac issues, too, such as ventricular fibrillation. They’re some of the easiest to use – you don’t need any formal training to know how to use AEDs. Common Usage Scenarios You’d typically use an AED to support SCA patients within minutes of them experiencing a lack of breath or responsiveness. Many of the customers we supply to advise that AEDs have helped them ensure patients are responsive ahead of first responders arriving on the scene. AED defibrillators are usually found in spaces such as hotels, public offices, and even schools. It’s safe to use AEDs on children, but you will need to use specific AED pads. Manual Defibrillator Description Manual defibrillators don’t have computers and instead use rudimentary electric shock paddles. They’re typically used by medical professionals who are trained to time precisely when shocks are required. They don’t pick up heartbeats, but professionals can easily use them to customise how big a shock patients receive. Common Usage Scenarios You’ll usually find manual defibrillators are used within medical facilities and hospitals, where professionals can access them and tailor the specific level of shock needed for different patients. They’re also usually attached to ECG or electrocardiogram devices. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Description ICDs are very similar to pacemakers in that they’re surgically installed in patients at high risk of SCAs. Like many AEDs, these devices can scan for irregular heart patterns and will deliver shocks if the wearer suffers what’s assumed to be a cardiac event. They are smart devices that can determine how much of a shock the patient receives. Some of the latest versions of ICDs also work as pacemakers, as determined by doctors or surgeons who install the devices into their patients. Common Usage Scenarios ICDs are usually ideal for people who have regular heart problems or experience irregular rhythms. It’s much like having an AED inside your person at all times, ready to react when a suspected SCA is in progress. This means that certain people are always protected against potential SCA events, meaning there’s no need to worry about finding AEDs at short notice. Some of the nurses we’ve worked with over the years really sing the praises of these devices – stating they help to save many lives. Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) Description A WCD is much like an ICD, only it’s wearable outside of the body, not under the skin! WCDs pick up on heart irregularities and, like ICDs, deliver specific shocks tailored to the user's heartbeat. These automated devices remove the need for AEDs in public, and are easy to set up and remove wherever needed. Common Usage Scenarios WCDs are, again, like ICDs, typically reserved for people at high risk from heart disease and cardiac events. They are usually offered as temporary measures – for example, to support people awaiting heart surgery or transplants. They can be fantastic support for people with heart problems who want to enjoy exercise without worrying about the effects on their hearts. Interestingly, someone who wears a WCD will survive an SCA nine times out of ten! Comparison of Defibrillator Types Now that you know the main differences between the four types of defibrillators, let’s summarize a few key points briefly. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Manual Defibrillator Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) Description A computer-driven device that guides users A device that requires timing and precision to deliver shocks A device surgically installed for people at risk of SCA A removable device suitable for people at risk of SCA Key features Heart monitor, automated shocks, user guide ECG connectivity, customisable shocks Automated SCA detection and shocks Customisable shocks and SCA monitoring, removable hardware Commonly used for… Members of the public experiencing SCAs out of hospital People in hospital or in ambulances receiving professional care People who are at risk of heart failure and arrhythmia People who are at risk of heart failure and arrhythmia – who might be awaiting surgery Training required No formal training needed General medical training As directed by healthcare providers As directed by healthcare providers Cost range $1,500 - $4,000 N/A (provided by hospital) Procedures could cost $40,000 - $50,000 N/A (provided by hospital) Average lifespan Around 10-15 years (units only - batteries last up to seven years, pads between 2-5 years) No average Around 1-7 years, depending on the unit fitted Varies (typically used for up to 90 days max on average) Conclusion Knowing which defibrillators to use could help you save more lives than you expect! The bottom line is that the best defibrillators for home are AEDs, simply because they require no training and guide users on what to do. However, some patients will benefit from WCDs, which are wearable. Whether you’re a medical professional or a public building owner, always think carefully about the needs of those you come into contact with!
November 13, 2024
Steven Cumper
Considerations for AED Use on Children
It’s estimated that around three in every 100,000 children have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests every year. That’s based on figures from Metropolitan Melbourne alone – and this data shows we should all be taking child and AED (Automated External Defibrillator) safety extremely seriously. In this guide, we will explore: When you should use an AED on a child patient How to use an AED on children safely and effectively What to look for when purchasing an AED When Should an AED be used on children? You should use an AED on children who are experiencing sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). A child experiencing SCA will usually: Stop breathing or gasp sharply Suddenly lose consciousness Lose heartbeat and pulse It’s important to remember that SCA can occur in children of all ages, even in those who have no underlying conditions and who are otherwise healthy. It is safe for you to use AED defibrillators on children who are younger than eight years old. Specifically, children younger than eight will benefit from child AED pads designed to fit their smaller bodies. Many children older than eight will require adult pads. Once an SCA is detected, acting fast with an AED is vital. The nurses and first responders we’ve worked with over the years advise that every second counts. How to Use an AED on a Child or Infant? Unless you are with an emergency response team, always make sure to contact emergency services right away if there is any sign of a child experiencing SCA. Stay on the line with your responder for guidance and advice. While you will be instructed on how to help a child experiencing SCA, here are the steps our customers and clients recommend following. Check Responsiveness Quickly check whether the child is breathing normally or responsive to touch and speech. Check their pulse via their neck or wrists. If the child is unresponsive, you must begin CPR before using an AED. Begin CPR It’s crucial to start CPR as soon as you detect a child is unresponsive – effective practice can help to improve the child’s chance of survival, and can also improve the effectiveness of an AED if needed. For young children, you must place two fingers on the chest centre and start compressing at 100 beats per minute (BPM), up to 120 BPM if necessary. Doing so helps the child’s blood to circulate. Children generally need two-inch compression, whereas infants need around 1.5. Ideally, after every 30 compressions, you should attempt to give two rescue breaths. Tilt the child’s head back and cover their mouth or nose with your mouth, then give a gentle blow. You will need to watch if their chest rises. In some cases, an AED will guide you through how to effectively deliver CPR to a child. Get the AED After immediate CPR, obtain the AED (if you haven’t already). Ideally, if there are more than one of you, have one adult apply CPR while the other gets the AED to hand. In a public place, you will normally find an AED in a specific location. It’s important to memorise where these are if you can, just in case you need them in an emergency. Apply Paediatric Pads Make sure the area is safe from any intrusion and expose the patient’s chest, ensuring it is clean and dry, ready for paediatric defibrillator pads to be placed. You should also remove any patches for medication or other needs. Where you place the pads depends usually on the age and size of the child. For very young children (i.e., younger than one year of age), place the first pad on the upper left of their chest. Then, place the other on their back. For older children, carefully place the first pad toward the upper right of the child’s chest and the second to the lower left, just below the armpit. That said, it’s usually recommended that you follow the anteroposterior method for placing AED pads on children, meaning there’s one on their back and one on their chest. This is because it can be dangerous to allow pads to cross. Follow AED Prompts Now, attach and switch on the AED and follow its guidelines. Most have visual or audio prompts that guide you through how to deliver shocks to the patient. Be sure to switch your AED to paediatric or child mode if it has one. Always make sure there is plenty of space around you and let the AED trace the child’s heartbeat. Follow the steps suggested, and if the AED recommends resuming CPR, do so. Monitor the Child If the child regains consciousness or starts breathing (erratically or otherwise), continue to monitor them and follow advice from first responders (or, continue CPR if appropriate). If there is still no response from the child, continue the cycle until emergency services arrive, or until instructed by emergency support. What Precautions Should be Taken When Using AEDs on Children? You should always make sure that the area is clear around a child before using AEDs. Always ensure there is no likelihood of you being interrupted or that public traffic is unlikely to collide. Do always be ready to perform CPR before using AEDs – you could save a life without needing the equipment. Make sure you adhere AED pads correctly to the child’s body. Crossing pads on their chest, for example, could be dangerous. Do not hesitate to use an AED on a child. The Australian Heart Foundation states that 50% of people of all ages stand to survive SCAs with AED support. Without this equipment, this falls to 27%. Always call emergency services for help if you need direction for CPR and using AEDs. What Should I Consider When Purchasing an AED? When looking for AED defibrillators, choose devices that are: Easy to install and store where they can be accessed Manufactured by a leading brand or firm Packaged with pads and other safety equipment Sold by a reputable medical retailer The nurses and responders we’ve worked with over the years tell us that the best defibrillators for home (and public spaces) are those that come with clear instructions and are easy for anyone to access. You shouldn’t ever prioritise cheap equipment when it comes to saving lives. Look for a device that suits you and your public’s needs. FAQ Can You Use Adult AED Pads on Children? Yes, you can use adult AED pads on children who are over 55 pounds or older than eight years of age. However, we recommend you place one on their chest and another on their back so they don’t cross over. How Common is Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) in Children? SCA can affect up to three children in every 100,000 every year. In some areas, it can claim the lives of thousands of children annually – meaning it’s always important to have AEDs and pads available in public spaces. What are the Differences Between Paediatric AED pads and Adult Pads? Child AED pads are smaller than adult pads so they don’t cross over – and they also deliver less electrical energy. That’s because children typically need less energy than adults when AEDs are in use.
November 07, 2024
Steven Cumper
Proper AED Pad Placement: For Adults and Children
An automated external defibrillator, or AED, is a vital resuscitation device that offers life-saving care. But, did you know that AED pad placement is vital for ensuring that a victim’s heart gets the support it needs? In this guide, we will take you through what you need to know about AED use and placement on people of all ages. We'll also show you can safely use adult pads and pediatric pads to support a sudden cardiac arrest victim – useful advice for first responders, civilian rescuers, and EMS. AED Pad Placement Typically, you place AED electrode pads on the bare chest of someone who appears to be suffering from a cardiac arrest. An AED machine will scan heart rhythm and fibrillation and ascertain whether or not you need to deliver an electric shock to help the organ regain a healthy beat. Without proper AED pad placement, you cannot deliver appropriate first aid through chest compressions – and every second counts. A successful defibrillation depends just as much on where you place the equipment as it does on how you use it. Before attempting defibrillator pad placement on your own, check our following advice. Pad Placement for Adults Firstly, keep in mind that perfect placement may vary depending on your AED provider, so always check your manual or guide provided. The American Heart Association generally recommends following either an anterior-lateral or anterior-posterior placement when using AED pads. The advice is no different for an elderly man or a pregnant woman! Here’s what each placement involves: Anterior-lateral placement: Place one AED pad on the upper right side of the chest or torso, just above the nipple and under the collarbone. The other pad should be placed on the lower left side of the chest, under a woman’s breast or a man’s pectoral muscle. Anterior-posterior placement: Place the first pad on the front of the body between the left nipple of a man or under the left breast of a woman, and the chest’s midline. You should then place the other pad on the patient’s back, to the left of their spine, around level with the heart. Remember, you can still place AED pads on patients with pacemakers – who are most likely to experience an SCA episode. Pad Placement for Children and Infants The way to effectively place AED pads on children and infants is slightly different. This is largely because younger people need less of an AED shock due to their higher energy levels. To start, you must use specific pediatric pads designed for use with children. According to AED guidelines, a child is someone who is less than 55 lbs in weight or younger than eight years old. Typically, the AHA suggests placing AED pads through the front-back or anteroposterior positioning mentioned above. One should go on the chest wall, or front of the chest, and the other should go on their back. This is largely because, with smaller bodies, there's more of a risk of you overlapping pads on the front of a child's chest. Many of our clients recommend following the anteroposterior method just to be careful regardless of a child's age – after all, there's often no way to weigh them during an SCA! You should place the front pad on a child’s cardiac apex, just between their left nipple and the midline. The posterior pad, meanwhile, should go roughly between the shoulder blades and parallel to the heart. Pads used to defibrillate a child should ideally be as large as you can find while still offering a gap of around 3 cm. If you're worried about where to place AED pads safely and effectively, most providers have graphics that show you exactly where you should position them. Preparing the Patient for AED Use As mentioned, every second counts when it comes to supporting cardiac victims. Here are some quick preparation steps our customers have shared with us to help you use a defib machine effectively. Exposing the Chest Always make sure that a patient’s chest is fully exposed before placing pads. They need to apply to bare skin so that there is no resistance with the current supplied by the AED. That can mean shaving away chest hair and removing jewellery, nipple piercings, and necklaces, for example. Assessing the Patient's Condition Always check if a patient is breathing normally and has a regular pulse. If either are irregular, you can use an AED – but if they are not breathing or have no pulse, you should call emergency services as soon as possible and begin CPR. Cleaning and Drying the Skin If your patient has any dirt, debris, fluid, or water otherwise on their chest that could impede the AED pads, make sure to clean them carefully and to dry the skin fully. You need to make sure that the pads adhere fully to your patient’s bare skin. Be Prepared to Do CPR Remember, you may still need to do CPR if your AED still advises of irregular heart rhythms after delivering an electrical current. You may need to stop using the shock button, for instance, if you use a semi-auto machine. Follow chest compression rhythms as outlined in basic first aid policy and follow guidelines set out by the AED. Summary of Best Practices It’s vital to place AED defibrillators directly onto bare skin where electrical shocks can stimulate the heart without interfering with other internal organs. Failure to do so could result in slower recovery, or worse, even death. Remember, the best AED kits and providers ensure you have plenty of guidance when it comes to positioning pads on adult and child patients – but it’s always worth keeping the above advice in mind. Remember, the chance of survival from a cardiac arrest increases by up to 70% when using AEDs effectively! FAQ Can I Reuse AED Pads? No, you cannot reuse AED pads, they are for single patient use only. Therefore, you should always have a fresh supply available. Where can I buy new or replacement AED pads? You can buy new and replacement AED pads through specialist medical suppliers online, such as MedShop. Our repeat customers rely on our broad range of pads and AED supplies to ensure their first aid kits are always replete. Can adult AED pads be used on children? It’s inadvisable to use adult AED pads on children who weigh less than 55 pounds, or who are younger than eight years old. The main reason for this is that large pads could overlap on small chests. What should I do if the patient's chest is wet? Make sure to dry the patient’s chest carefully with a clean towel so that AED pads can safely adhere. What should I do if the AED pads overlap on a small chest? Reposition the AED pads so one is on their back, and the other is on the victim’s chest. This is called the anterior-posterior placement, and there are more details in our guide above.
October 24, 2024
Steven Cumper
Defibrillator Requirements and Regulations in Australia
In the event of a cardiac arrest, a defibrillator or AED is an essential piece of medical equipment that can save a life with an electric shock. Many of the doctors and nurses we’ve supported over the years have sworn by AEDs to help bring people back from the brink of fatal episodes – however, they need to be used safely and appropriately.
October 16, 2024
Carolyn Cumper
Nursing and Night Shift Sleep Schedule: Sleep Tips for Night Shift Workers
Nursing, especially in a hospital environment, is a 24-hour job. Night shift workers, such as nurses, are essential to providing round-the-clock care. However, working through the night goes against the body’s natural circadian rhythms. Our internal body clock is influenced by daylight and darkness, which makes us naturally tired at night and awake during the day. Night shift workers must combat these rhythms to stay alert and provide care, often leading to sleep deprivation, sleepiness during work, and difficulty getting enough hours of sleep during the day. Night shift workers face unique challenges in maintaining a healthy work schedule. Research shows that irregular sleep time and light exposure during the day can lead to long-term sleep issues. Additionally, rotating shifts or constantly changing from day shift to night shifts can make it harder to establish a good sleep pattern. Nurses, in particular, may become light sleepers and find it difficult to get enough sleep, even when they do manage to go to bed. Here are some practical tips to create the best sleep schedule and improve sleep hygiene for those working night shifts. 1. Find the Right Schedule for You Everyone's body reacts differently to shift work, so there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution for night shift workers. Some may be able to sleep immediately after getting home, while others might need to delay their sleep time depending on family obligations or other factors. The key is to develop a sleep schedule that fits your work schedule and lifestyle. Example: A night shift worker with young children may need to sleep in two blocks – one nap after the shift and another during the day when the kids are at school. If you don’t have other responsibilities, try to get your daytime sleep in one consistent block of 7 to 9 hours. 2. Keep it Regular Consistency is critical for better sleep during shift work. Sticking to a regular sleep time, even on days off, can help you get into a natural rhythm. Night shift workers should aim for 7 to 9 hours of sleep, just as those working during the day do. Try to go to bed at the same time every day, whether it’s early morning or afternoon after finishing your shift. Example: If your shift ends at 7 a.m., aim to be in bed by 8 a.m. every day and wake up around 3 p.m. to maintain a regular routine. 3. Go Dark Because night shift workers sleep during the day, managing light exposure is essential for regulating circadian rhythms. Consider wearing sunglasses on your way home to minimize light exposure, which signals the brain that it's time to wake up. Once home, make your sleep environment as dark as possible. Installing blackout curtains in your bedroom will block out sunlight and help you sleep longer. Using an eye mask can also further reduce light exposure. Example: Use blackout curtains, an eye mask, and earplugs to block out light and sound, creating the optimal sleep environment for daytime sleep. 4. Power Nap If you find yourself feeling tired during your shift, power naps can help rejuvenate you. A quick 20 to 30-minute nap before or during your shift can improve alertness and reduce sleepiness. Be careful not to nap too long, as falling into a deep sleep can make it harder to wake up and cause grogginess. Example: Take a power nap right before your shift and set an alarm for 20 minutes. For an extra energy boost, drink a cup of coffee right before napping—the caffeine will kick in as you wake up. 5. Keep Caffeine to a Minimum While many night shift workers rely on caffeine to stay alert, it’s important to limit your intake, especially toward the end of your shift. Too much caffeine can interfere with your ability to fall asleep when you get home. Example: Try to have your last caffeinated drink at least 4 to 6 hours before your sleep time to ensure it doesn’t disrupt your sleep schedule. 6. Use Earplugs Living in a noisy environment can make daytime sleep challenging. Night shift workers can improve their sleep hygiene by using earplugs or white noise machines to block out external sounds. This can prevent disruptions and improve overall sleep quality. Example: Use earplugs or download a white noise app to drown out daytime sounds, such as traffic or people talking, while you sleep. 7. Eat Well Eating well can make a significant difference in how you feel during your shift and how well you sleep after it. Avoid heavy, greasy meals close to sleep time, as these can interfere with digestion and make it harder to fall asleep. Instead, opt for light, balanced meals. Example: Eat a small meal that includes lean proteins and vegetables after your shift, and avoid sugary snacks, which can cause energy crashes. 8. Supplement Your Sleep Supplements such as melatonin can help regulate your body’s natural sleep cycle. Melatonin, a hormone your body produces naturally, signals your brain when it’s time to sleep. It can be especially helpful for night shift workers whose schedules are out of sync with natural light cycles. Other supplements, like magnesium and chamomile tea, may also help you relax and sleep better. Example: Take a small dose of melatonin (0.5 to 3 mg) an hour before your sleep time to help your body adjust to your work schedule. Sleep plays a critical role in overall health and wellbeing, especially for those in demanding professions like nursing. Night shift nurses, in particular, face unique challenges in maintaining a healthy sleep schedule. Ensuring good quality rest is essential for feeling rejuvenated and performing optimally, both at home and on the job. Alongside these sleep aids, it’s also important for nurses to invest in comfortable nursing scrubs, which can make long shifts more bearable and contribute to overall comfort and wellbeing. Author: Carolyn Cumper's career spans from being a Patrol Officer in Rhodesia to a Paediatric Nurse in the UK, and later a Deputy Hospice Manager in Australia. Her diverse journey includes roles in law enforcement, healthcare, and business, culminating in her significant contributions to Medshop.
October 16, 2024
Carolyn Cumper
Nursing School Study Tips: The Power of Flashcards and Reference Cards
As any student will tell you, attending class is one thing, retaining the knowledge you need to pass a course is quite another. However, nursing reference cards can help!
October 15, 2024
Carolyn Cumper
Gloves and Masks — Who Should Wear Them and Why
Over the past few months, as the coronavirus crisis has unfolded around the globe, one usually uncontentious element of viral protection has become highly controversial. The subject of personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular masks, gloves, gowns, and face shields in healthcare settings, is now hotly debated by health authorities, hospitals, medical professionals, and politicians alike. No one seems able to come to a definitive conclusion on who should wear them and for which reasons. Today, depending on your particular location, you might be mandated by law to wear masks whenever you leave the house. On the other hand, in certain places, you might be advised not to purchase PPE in order to ensure healthcare facilities do not run short of stock. People are confused, and with good reason. So, who should wear PPE? And what is the current guidance for Australia? Here, we take a look at the subject of personal protective equipment in healthcare and why there is so much confusion on when and where it should be used. Who Should Wear Masks? There are a number of issues surrounding the subject of protective masks, and to make matters more complicated, two of the most recognisable global health bodies, the WHO and the CDC, disagree. The WHO currently states that: “If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with COVID-19.” and that you should “wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing.” However, the CDC has recently revised its guidance on mask wearing, now suggesting: “…wearing cloth face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain (e.g., grocery stores and pharmacies), especially in areas of significant community-based transmission.” Among the reasons for the conflicting advice, from both these two bodies and various other outlets, is the types of mask used and their efficacy. The use of N95 respirators is now widely recommended for healthcare workers in high-risk environments, with proper fit testing and fit checking required to ensure a tight seal, as these masks are proven to protect against airborne particles. Fit tests should be performed yearly or when facial features change. Additionally, when it comes to more advanced masks such as N95 respirators used in healthcare, not only are fit tests required to ensure a proper seal is formed, but supply/demand issues mean that this type of mask should be reserved for healthcare professionals. The use of PPE such as safety face shields may be seen in supermarkets and other customer-facing environments, such as pharmacies, but again, these should be reserved for frontline and healthcare workers. Currently, there is no official guidance from the Australian government on wearing masks in public, however, this doesn’t rule out a u-turn in the coming weeks, with many other countries changing their advice as the crisis grows. If you want to err on the side of caution, then you can make a perfectly serviceable mask at home, or purchase one here. Who Should Wear Gloves? When it comes to protective gloves, the advice is a little clearer. Gloves do not, and never should, replace comprehensive hand hygiene. In fact, in most cases, washing your hands regularly and thoroughly is preferable to wearing any kind of sanitary glove, since wearing them may lead to people becoming less prudent with hand hygiene. In hospitals and healthcare environments, gloves are used for specific purposes and then disposed of immediately. The potential for the misuse of gloves by the general public, is one of the reasons that they are unlikely to be mandatory, and over reliance on this type of PPE can lead to shortages elsewhere. Exceptions include those in food preparation, or for anyone who has any kind of open wound. Again, there is no advice from the Australian government on glove wearing outside of the healthcare sector, and stockpiling gloves could have a knock-on effect on the healthcare sector’s ability to effectively equip those most at risk. The bottom line is, unless you are obligated to wear masks and gloves by law or according to health & safety advice, then its probably better not to. However, for more information on whether this advice changes in Australia, stay tuned to the Medshop blog. Author: Carolyn Cumper's career spans from being a Patrol Officer in Rhodesia to a Paediatric Nurse in the UK, and later a Deputy Hospice Manager in Australia. Her diverse journey includes roles in law enforcement, healthcare, and business, culminating in her significant contributions to Medshop.
October 14, 2024
Carolyn Cumper
How to Become a Nurse in Australia
Nurses are some of the hardest-working people in Australia – and with hard work comes a fantastic sense of fulfilment. Nurses are in high demand across Australia’s health service right now. Between 2028 and 2033, there’s set to be 80,500 new job openings for registered nurses. That’s an increase of 24.5% over a space of five years! Whether you’re based in NSW, Queensland, or Sydney, in this guide, we’ll look at everything you need to know about how to become a nurse in Australia. We’ll explore study routes, experience you’ll need to gain, and which career routes are open to you once you graduate. How to Become a Nurse Before studying to become a nurse in Australia, it’s worth knowing the difference between an EN (an enrolled nurse) and an RN (a registered nurse). Enrolled nurses typically work with RNs in support roles. They’re responsible for planning and administering patient care, but are supervised by RNs with Bachelor of Nursing degrees. Unlike RNs, you need a Diploma of Nursing to become an EN. Registered nurses make up most of the nursing workforce in Australia. They’re high qualified healthcare professionals who might specialise in a specific area, such as geriatric or pediatric care. They can lead teams in unit manager capacities and often hold the most responsibility in specific departments. One of the most appealing reasons to become an RN is the impressive salary range. According to data published by Talent.com, the average RN receives a salary of around $83,700 per year. That goes as low as $78,000, and as high as $109,000! To become an EN, you’ll need to: Obtain background checks (so you can work with children and vulnerable people) Study your Diploma of Nursing Register with the AHPRA, or Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency If you want to study further, enrol for a Bachelor of Nursing The route to becoming an RN is a little more involved – which is why we’ve fleshed out the process in a few steps below. 1. Complete a Bachelor of Nursing at University The Bachelor of Nursing is the standard degree you’ll need to complete to become a registered nurse in Australia. Specifically, you’ll learn about pharmacology, anatomy, surgery, and physiology – with some secondary education in mental health, pediatric care, and more. Entry requirements for this type of bachelor degree might vary depending on where you study nursing. However, strong grades in science subjects are always a good starting point. You can study for English language BN nursing courses at any of the following accredited universities in Australia: Deakin University Griffith University Monash University RMIT University The University of Adelaide The University of Melbourne The University of Queensland The University of Sydney University of Technology in Sydney The University of Wollongong Of these establishments, Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne, Monash, and Sydney as the best for people studying to get into healthcare and medicine careers. This is based on a complex methodology – but it’s also worth listening to what students have to say. For example, Deakin University is one of the highest-rated in our list according to students, largely for the quality of course materials and support available. Many of the clients we’ve supported over the years have started searching for courses using ActiveStudy, which helps align you to degrees and universities with simple assessments. I honestly recommend it if you’re unsure of where to start. You can usually expect a BN degree to take up to three years. By comparison, it takes two years, on average, to obtain a Diploma of Nursing. Before applying for a BN, do also make sure you’re cleared with a Working With Children Check and a Police Check. You should also complete a full adult vaccination program. This is important simply because you’ll be working with vulnerable people in critical health care settings. 2. Gain Clinical Experience Clinical experience in nursing helps you to put your theory training into practice with a leading clinic or healthcare provider. Many leading universities will offer clinical placements as part of your BN program. Clinical experience as part of your BN will also give your tutors a chance to see how you perform in a physical setting. It’s a great opportunity for educators to help steer you in the right direction, and for you to ask questions about your practice. Gaining this type of experience also helps to give you confidence when you’re working in the real world. Most of the nurses we’ve helped to support over the years swear by their clinical work experience – it’s a rite of passage in many ways, too. If you already have a good idea of what you’d like to specialise in when you enter public health for real, consider looking for placements in specific areas. For example, you could gain experience at a community health centre, at aged care facilities, or in a clinical practice specifically for antenatal and postnatal care. Many people I’ve supported over the years have highly recommended looking for courses that specifically mention placements. I happen to agree – after all, hunting around for opportunities isn’t easy when you’re studying full-time. 3. Register with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) After graduation, it’s time to actually register as a nurse! To do this, you’ll need to apply via the AHPRA, or the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. The AHPRA ensures that people employed in clinics and healthcare settings are legally allowed to do so – and that they have the requisite experience and qualifications to care for others. It’s important to re-register once a year to refresh your membership. From there, you’re fully registered and almost ready to start working as a nurse anywhere in Australia. 4. Maintain Continuing Professional Development with NMBA After registering with AHPRA, you also need to sign up with the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, or the NMBA. The NMBA adds an extra layer of protection for the public. Register and pass checks applied by their board, and you will be fully cleared and ready to start working as a nurse. However, you might want to start thinking about further professional development. Do you want to continue working as an RN, or would you like to develop as a midwife, a mental health nurse, or as an oncology or end-of-life specialist? There will be plenty of opportunities to explore different nursing specialties once you find your first working placement. Take your time to reach out for advice and guidance on tertiary Australian nursing qualification paths. There are plenty of postgraduate degrees and opportunities available for qualified nurses to study while they work full-time. If you gain a Master of Nursing degree, you could end up leading or teaching a team of your own. Nursing Careers and Job Roles Once you graduate from a nursing degree and gain experience, there’s a world of opportunities. Some of our clients work in nursing specialities as broad as midwifery, aged care, and mental health. We even offer support if you’re working as a nurse educator! Here are some of the most rewarding nursing care roles and career opportunities available to you across Australia. Remember, too, that the average nurse salary for each role may vary. Registered Nurse (RN) Registered nurses, or RNs, are fully qualified health practitioners. They typically take full accountability during patient care, which typically means monitoring their health and providing medication. Some RNs even measure teams and units of their own. Nurse Practitioner (NP) Nurse practitioners, or NPs, are RNs with additional qualifications and experience. They typically have Master’s degrees and are considered the most senior nurses in their departments. The title “Nurse Practitioner” is authorised by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Enrolled Nurse (EN) Enrolled nurses, or ENs, help to plan and carry out care for patients across all age groups. However, they act secondary to RNs, who supervise their activities. ENs frequently make up nursing teams headed by RNs. Pediatric Nurse Pediatric nurses specialise in caring for children. They liaise with families, offer pastoral care to young people, and ensure babies and children in hospital settings receive the diagnostics and medicine they require. Midwife Midwives specifically assist pregnant and nursing mothers. They support women through their pregnancies, providing checkups at-home and in clinics, assist with birth plans, offer dietary and general advice, and support births. They also keep regular checkups with mothers after delivery. Clinical Nurse Specialist Clinical nurse specialists are high-level healthcare operatives who frequently support the work of junior nurses in their teams. They carry out detailed patient assessments and help to develop treatment plans. These specialists also develop lesson plans and education materials. Mental Health Nurse Mental health nurses provide a range of care for people who are experiencing mental illness. They can help to diagnose conditions, promote healthy practices, and develop care plans. They can also intervene in specific cases and work to prevent mental and physical episodes. Conclusion The nursing profession might have its challenges, but it remains one of the most rewarding career paths available across Australia. Regardless of where your graduate certificate and nursing career take you, remember you always have an ally in MedShop. We’re here to offer you all the clinical supplies you need through university and beyond – into postgraduate study and the workforce. Author: Carolyn Cumper's career spans from being a Patrol Officer in Rhodesia to a Paediatric Nurse in the UK, and later a Deputy Hospice Manager in Australia. Her diverse journey includes roles in law enforcement, healthcare, and business, culminating in her significant contributions to Medshop.
October 08, 2024
Carolyn Cumper
Smart Fobs – The Future of the Humble Nurses Watch
For generations, nurses have relied on simple, yet effective tools to help them care for their patients. Among these tools, the fob watch has remained a constant, pinned to uniforms and used to keep track of vital signs, medication schedules, and critical patient care tasks. While the healthcare industry has progressed in leaps and bounds over the course of the past two centuries, the nurses fob watch remains pretty much as it was. Sure, we’ve moved from analogue to digital in some cases, and new materials such as silicone have replaced metal and leather, but on the face of it, the fob watch is essentially the same piece of equipment it always has been. As we move deeper into the 21st century, new innovations like smartwatches are poised to transform this humble timepiece, offering nurses unprecedented access to real-time data and enhanced functionality. In this article, we explore the past, present, and future of nurses' watches and how cutting-edge technology could revolutionize the way healthcare professionals work. Here then, we take a look at what the future might look like for nurses watches and how intelligent tech might change the face of nursing forever. Smartwatches and Healthcare Smartwatches are at the very cutting edge of the technological curve. As microchips and circuitry have become ever smaller, the development of miniaturised computers that can be worn on the wrist is like something out of a science fiction novel. They feature all kinds of sensors and instruments that can measure, time, control, and record both digital and real-world events. What’s more, once part of a larger system, smartwatches can ensure that nurses and other hospital staff are connected at all times, increasing efficiency in hospitals and clinics. The healthcare applications are numerous and exciting for many in the industry, however, there is still a long way to go before they are seen as standard equipment for nurses. Here are just a few of the ways that smartwatches may be used in the future: Notification Systems — Smartwatches can be used for instant notifications from both medical staff and patients. Whether it’s messages regarding staffing problems or notifications when a patient requires medication, receiving the information directly on your wrist can save time and help nurses to be more efficient. Messaging Systems — Pagers are widely disliked by healthcare workers since messages often get lost. Of course, smartphones have gone some way to solving this problem, however, they can be awkward and unwieldly when on the job. Like smartphones, smartwatches also provide an archived record of all messages sent ensuring increased responsibility for all staff. Patient Updates — Accessing patient updates and other critical information on a personal device that’s conveniently accessible is ideal. Smartwatches can send all the information nurses require instantly, with accurate, real-time updates on patient records always available. Vital Signs Monitoring — Smartwatches may have a role to play in the monitoring of patient’s vital signs and threshold alarms. If a patient’s condition changes, real-time notifications can be sent directly to the device. Task Management — Managing day-to-day tasks is always challenging for busy nurses. Smartwatches can streamline the process by providing timely notifications of when tasks need to be completed. They can also monitor tasks completed and provide an overview of working processes on any given day. Voice Control — Removing the need to complete calculations or enter data using your hands is a great way to maintain hygiene standards and improve efficiency through hands-free operation. Instant Access to a World of Knowledge — Of course, smartwatches are connected to the Internet, and having improved access to both general knowledge and hospital or clinic materials ensures everyone is on the same page. Smartwatches and Nurses It’s true that the many benefits of smartwatches for nurses are generally directed towards providing better care for patients and increasing productivity in the workplace. However, they also offer benefits to the individual through a variety of health and wellbeing orientated features. Almost all smartwatches today provide monitoring and recording of heart rate, blood pressure, and steps walked, alongside a huge range of apps that encourage mindfulness and other wellbeing-based activities to help support nurses through particularly stressful days. Smart Fobs and the Future Today’s smartwatches have so much great technology packed inside their tiny form factors that it’s difficult not to fall in love with them. However, there remains one issue that is hindering mass adoption for nurses and hospitals in general—they must be worn on the wrist for many of the features to work effectively. This, of course, can be problematic when some clinical hygiene standards dictate that nothing must be worn below the elbow. However, innovation never stands still, and today, smart fobs for nurses are beginning to make waves. Most recently, as part of the 2018 Young Entrepreneur Program 2018, nursing student Jordan Kidd has designed a silicone fob that provides easy access to Apple Watches. The fob can be used as a standalone piece, or in conjunction with a standard strap for the best of both worlds. In the future, Jordan hopes to develop a referencing app that will allow access to useful information such as vital sign ranges, electrolyte levels, and drug calculation formulas to ensure the smart fob is equally as effective as its wrist-worn counterpart. As healthcare continues to advance, so too will the tools that nurses and other medical professionals use in their daily work. While the traditional fob watch remains a beloved and practical accessory, the rise of smartwatches and other wearable technologies is paving the way for new innovations in the medical field. Whether it’s improving patient care through real-time updates or enhancing personal wellbeing, the future of nurses' watches looks promising. For a deeper dive into some of the best watches currently available for nurses and medical professionals, check out this comprehensive guide here. Author: Carolyn Cumper's career spans from being a Patrol Officer in Rhodesia to a Paediatric Nurse in the UK, and later a Deputy Hospice Manager in Australia. Her diverse journey includes roles in law enforcement, healthcare, and business, culminating in her significant contributions to Medshop.
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