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March 23, 2025
Steven Cumper
AED Maintenance Checklist: Essential Steps
For anyone suffering a sudden cardiac arrest outside of hospital, an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) could make all the difference when saving a life. Around 26,000 Australian people suffer arrests outside of medical facilities each year. Therefore, it’s crucial to have AEDs on standby in public places. By delivering electric shocks, AEDs can also help to prevent brain damage and support CPR. However, these devices must always be properly maintained and stored so they continue to support public emergencies. In this guide, we will break down a simple AED maintenance checklist you can follow to ensure your equipment is clean, safe, and operational. AED Maintenance Checklist An AED maintenance checklist ensures that you regularly test, clean, and fix up your life-saving devices whenever needed. As critical as AEDs are, you can’t expect them to keep working properly without due care and attention. Key Components to Include in the Checklist The key points we recommend you include in your AED maintenance checklist are: Checking and replacing batteries Checking and replacing pads Visually inspecting the device Cleaning the device Storing the device safely and securely This list isn’t just based on our expert knowledge of AED equipment, but also on years of feedback from business owners and first responders who shop with us! We’ll explore each of these points in more detail below. Importance of Documentation Before checking, cleaning, or even fixing your AED for the first time, carefully read the manual provided with your device. Failing to look after your AED properly could lead to it breaking down, therefore putting lives at risk. All AEDs we provide at Medshop arrive with clear instruction manuals to help you learn how to use the devices and how to care for them. Let’s start with the key points from our AED maintenance checklist. Battery and Pads Replacement AED batteries, like any, will slowly expire over time. In most cases, you’ll need to replace them within five years of starting to use the device or fitting new batteries. However, some will expire in as few as two years – always check your manual. Most AEDs will also have battery indicator levels to inform you when replacement is approaching. Always follow your manual’s advice on how to safely remove expired batteries before trying to do so yourself. Removing the batteries will depend entirely on the model of AED you use. In many cases, there will usually be a back cover you can safely remove to find the batteries to remove and replace. Always make sure to purchase AED batteries from a reputable supplier. AED pads expire, too. For example, over time, the gel used to adhere pads to skin will gradually lose applicability. Expired pads might become loose during operation – meaning your AED won’t work properly. There’s no guarantee when AED pads generally dry out and expire, so make sure to check any expiration dates listed by the manufacturer. Add these dates to your checklist. It’s also a good idea to visually check your pads for any damage – cracks or tears, for example – these simply won’t work properly. We recommend keeping a second or even third set of fresh pads on standby just in case you find their adherence has dried up before use. You should always make sure to buy pads designed for your specific AED, and to store them in sealed packaging to stop them drying up and getting damaged. Cleaning and Maintenance Procedures Always carry out routine visual inspections and clean your AEDs at least monthly to make sure they are safe and operational for use in emergencies. However, using abrasive chemicals can damage the device, so use appropriate cleaning solutions such as rubbing alcohol, or isopropyl. Carefully clean the AED itself and any corners and nooks in the device, along with the case and any additional pieces. You should use a damp cloth with rubbing alcohol for the best results, but you can also use disinfectant wipes or water. Any damaged or faulty parts should be replaced outright – make sure to line up a supplier or to speak with your manufacturer if this is the case. At the same time, it’s important to test your AED occasionally – again, monthly, at least – to ensure it’s fully operational. Many AEDs will have safe test functions and offer warning indicators if there’s a problem. This is another procedure you can follow via your device’s manual. Legal and Compliance Requirements Legal and compliance requirements for AEDs and public buildings vary depending on location. However, in South Australia, for example, it’s a legal requirement for public building owners to install a fully-working AED in an accessible location with clear signage. That said, compliance and legal requirements can vary depending on your building and services, too. Best practice, generally, is to store and maintain your AED carefully and ensure it’s clean and operational. It’s also important to register your AED defibrillators with any local authorities – making sure you meet the standards expected of you not only keeps people safe, but also ensures you remain on the right side of the law. Proper Placement and Storage As per compliance and for public safety, all AEDs should be stored appropriately in accessible areas with clear signage. In the event of an emergency, people in need should not have to spend time looking around for life-saving equipment. To preserve AEDs and their pads, always keep your equipment away from extreme temperatures. Many of our customers also say that keeping AEDs safely secured in storage boxes and cabinets helps prevent damage – and we agree. Just make sure the cabinets or boxes you use are durable! Even if you haven’t used your AED for a while, always regularly test it and visually check for damage. Training and Awareness for AED Users Many AEDs are simple to use with instructions provided during application. However, it still pays to invest in training for people who are likely to use the equipment over time. Train your personnel regularly – just as you would with first aid and CPR – so that your whole team knows how to use AED defibrillator equipment should the worst-case scenario occur. Basic awareness is just as important – in the event of a sudden cardiac arrest, your team needs to know where the life-saving equipment is held! Cost-Effective Ways to Maintain Your AED Here are some final tips to help you maintain your AED and accessories without the unnecessary expense: Invest in and store high-quality replacement parts Set up a regular schedule for maintenance to avoid costly replacements and fixes Shop with a reputable AED provider with positive customer reviews – reputable providers offer long-lasting equipment Trust your manual – not your gut – when it comes to maintaining your AED If in doubt about your AED’s functionality – contact the manufacturer before purchasing parts Conclusion Maintaining your AED and its equipment effectively means that, should you ever need to use them, you have the best possible chance at saving lives. Whether the people you help need CPR, an electrocardiogram (ECG), or hospital treatment afterwards, you’re taking the right steps to get them back to full health. Don’t just leave your AEDs in place – check, test, clean, and repair them – lives could depend on you doing so. Sources AED.com. (n.d.). Cleaning your Physio Control AED or Manual Defibrillator. In AED.com. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.aed.com/blog/cleaning-your-physio-control-aed-or-manual-defibrillator/ April. (2024). Australian regions needing cardiac arrest education revealed. In Monash University. Monash University. https://www.monash.edu/news/articles/australian-regions-needing-cardiac-arrest-education-revealed Bray, J., Howell, S., Ball, S., Doan, T., Bosley, E., Smith, K., Dicker, B., Faddy, S., Thorrowgood, M., Swain, A., Thomas, A., Wilson, A., Shipp, C., Walker, T., Bailey, P., Finn, J., Smith, T., Bernard, S., Grantham, H., … Perkins, G. (2022). The epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Australia and New Zealand: A binational report from the Australasian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (Aus-ROC). In Resuscitation (Vol. 172, pp. 74–83). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.01.011 Defibtech LLC. (n.d.). How to Check a Defibrillator. In AED Maintenance Checks. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.defibtech.com/news/latest/how-to-check-a-defibrillator/ Enser, M. (2024). Do AED Units, AED Batteries, & AED Pads Expire? & Why? In First Response Safety Training. https://www.firstresponsecpr.com/blog/do-aed-units-aed-batteries-aed-pads-expire/ Heart Saver NZ. (2021). Why Do AED Pads Expire? Heart Saver NZ. https://www.heartsaver.co.nz/news/why-do-aed-pads-expire/ How to Change an AED Battery on 6 FDA-Approved Brands. (2023). https://www.aedleader.com/blog/how-to-change-aed-battery/
March 22, 2025
Carolyn Cumper
Nurse Essentials for Optimum Working Conditions
It’s no real secret that nurses and other healthcare professionals are busy. Nor is it a secret that what they do is incredibly important, often a matter of life and death, or at the very least the reason patients are safe, comfortable, and hopefully getting better. So, it’s not a surprise that whether they are on their rounds or dealing with emergencies, staff need to have the right nurse essentials to hand to save time or carry out crucial practice, without having to waste time hunting down the right equipment. Everyday nurse essentials There are several items that nurses need to carry at all times in order to do their job smoothly and with minimal fuss. These are not necessarily medical items, but all serve an incredibly important function in the everyday work of any nurse. These nurse essentials include: Pen: Useful for jotting down symptoms, filling in monitoring charts and more. It may also be a good idea to keep a highlighter pen handy to draw attention to specific information. Scissors: Scissors are useful for all sorts of everyday nursing tasks such as cutting bandages or gauze, as well as in emergencies for removing clothing. Comfortable shoes: Nurses spend a huge amount of their working day on their feet, so they need to do what they can to keep them as comfortable as possible. Shoes also need to be easy to clean, supportive, and safe for use in medical environments. Pockets: As you can see, nurses need to carry a lot of equipment, so having a place to store it all is important. Hand sanitizer: An essential for any medical professional who needs to clean their hands on a regular and swift basis. Light jacket: Temperatures in hospitals can fluctuate, depending on the conditions required by patients in different units. A light jacket is often a nurse essential for staying warm and comfortable throughout their shift. Badge reels: Security in hospitals and medical facilities has never been more important. And staff are generally required to wear identification at all times, often needing to swipe in and out of various sectors of the building, which is when a badge reel becomes very useful. Penlight: Often when examining patients or looking for symptoms’ nurses will need a light to get the best view Water bottle: Working such long shifts and being on the go all the time means staying hydrated is especially important. A reusable and portable water bottle is a great way to always make sure you have fluids to hand. This will help to keep you hydrated and on top of your game. Watch: Medical care often depends a lot on timing. These days we have phones to keep time but it’s not always easy or possible for a nurse to carry a phone on shift. So, a reliable wrist or clip-on watch or fob watch can help to ensure all deadlines are met. Medical essentials As well as the above general essentials, there is certain medical equipment that nurses may be required to carry at all times. These include: Stethoscope: An essential tool of the nursing trade used for monitoring heartbeats and breathing. Despite more complex equipment now being available, the stethoscope is a portable and lightweight tool for making an initial analysis of a patient’s condition. Thermometer: Needed to take a patient’s temperature, a thermometer is a key part of the assessment and monitoring procedure. A high or low temperature is an indicator that a patient is in need of further assessment or treatment. Pulse oximeter: The third vital piece of monitoring equipment along with the above, a pulse oximeter is used to take a patient's oxygen levels. This is another essential task of any initial assessment or routine check-up. Scrubs: Like doctors, nurses need a steady supply of clean and lightweight scrubs so that they minimize the risk of infection and feel comfortable throughout their working day. There are various types and colours of scrubs available for nurses, with personal preference, branding, job type, and seniority determining which is most suitable. Face masks: An essential since Covid 19 but also a highly recommended general item for preventing the spread of infection and protecting sensitive patients. Nurses may need to carry several face masks as it is important to change them regularly. Bandages: Changing dressings and supports is part of the bread and butter of any nurse’s daily routine. Although they won’t be able to carry huge amounts of bandages at any one time, having some elasticated bandages and gauze pads to hand is often a time saver. Medical tape: Sterile medical tape is the easiest way to secure bandages and gauze, as well as serving countless other purposes throughout any shift. Pain relief: Nurses are often required to carry pain relief with them to reduce travel time and alleviate suffering for patients on their rounds. Blood pressure monitor: Another key indicator of health or well-being is blood pressure. These days, blood pressure monitors are compact and portable, so nurses can carry them with them on their rounds. Dosage charts: Administering medication is a serious business where you can’t afford to make mistakes, so carrying dosage guides around is a way to ensure that patients are always given the right types and amount of medication. Nurse essentials in summary As you can see, there is a lot for the average nurse to think about, and a lot to carry around in order to be able to do their job efficiently and smoothly. Depending on the exact nature of the nursing role, not all of the above may be required. But equally, some specialist nurses may need to carry other equipment or essentials to fulfil their role. In some cases, the above equipment may be provided by the employer or medical facility. But that’s not always the case, and some nurses prefer to have their own equipment to hand. Browse the full range at Medshop to see what nurse essentials you might want with you on shift.
March 22, 2025
Carolyn Cumper
What to Wear Underneath Your Scrubs
When you need to wear scrubs for hours at a time, day in and day out, it’s important to make them as comfortable as possible. There are some environments which, rightly, have a scrubs-only dress code. In operating rooms, for example, it’s sensible to wear fewer items of clothing, as the fabric has the capacity to carry pathogens. Less clothing supports a more sterile environment, and short sleeve scrub tops keep surgeons’ hands free to move without the risk of spills or contamination. However, on most wards or in other medical contexts, some scrub-modification is ideal. Wearing extra layers under your medical scrubs is not just about personal comfort, it's a strategic choice for healthcare professionals aiming to maintain optimal performance and hygiene throughout their shifts. Drawing on expert advice in the field, it's evident that the selection of undergarments plays a pivotal role in managing body temperature and ensuring a barrier against the transmission of pathogens. We recommend choosing materials like moisture-wicking fabrics for these underlayers. Such materials excel in drawing sweat away from the body, keeping you dry and comfortable even during the most demanding shifts. For instance, a tightly fitted, moisture-wicking undershirt can prevent sweat accumulation, which is not only about comfort but also about preventing the growth of bacteria that thrive in moist environments. Real-world examples from the nursing field highlight the importance of such choices. A nurse working a double shift, for instance, will find that a breathable, thermal underlayer can provide necessary warmth in cooler departments without causing overheating. This balance is essential for maintaining focus and efficiency throughout a demanding schedule. Safety is another significant consideration. A snug fit is preferable for undergarments to avoid the dangers that come with loose-fitting clothing, such as getting caught on equipment or interfering with patient care. A nurse assisting with patient transfers or navigating through tight spaces in the hospital will appreciate the security that comes from wearing well-fitted underlayers. In this guide, we’ll look at some of the best items to wear under your scrubs, so that you can stay on top of your game. Tops Underscrub tops offer medical professionals and healthcare workers a great way to stay warm and comfortable on shift without piling on extra scrubs and lab coats. T-shirts or tight-fitting long-sleeve tops are excellent options, as they are versatile, cheap and easily found in stores or on Amazon. You can also buy long or short-sleeved thermal tops. Whilst the types of clothing you can wear under your scrub jacket are intuitive, there are several considerations worth keeping in mind. The first is that your extra layer should be made from moisture-wicking materials. These are materials which help to draw sweat away from the skin. This helps you to stay cool, by maintaining sweat’s natural function, whilst keeping you dry, helping to avoid chafing, and also helping to control odour. The second is the cut of your undergarment. Most high-quality scrub-tops feature a v-neck cut. Therefore, it is sensible to look for a crew-cut shirt which can protrude naturally from the collar of your scrubs. Doing so prevents friction between the collar of your scrubs and your undershirt, which will help to keep you comfortable. Super-low cuts, such as those found in tank-tops can also work well, particularly if you want to keep your under-shirt discreet. The third is the colour of the garments you choose. In more formal settings, you may wish to choose white, black or neutral colours. However, even in the most professional settings, you can usually find some way to add little personality to your scrubs by utilising contrast. Complementing white scrubs, for example, with a black, navy blue or grey undershirt, or vice versa can work very well. In more open work environments, it can be fun to choose an undershirt in colours complementary to the colours to your scrubs, or even one with an exciting print. In addition to these considerations, many doctors and nurses are concerned about maintaining discretion by keeping their underwear invisible. If you don’t wish to wear an additional layer under your scrubs, there are several ways in which you can make your bra more discrete. Ensuring that it fits well is an essential step, as too large or too small a cup can result in a broken line over the chest, not to mention risking discomfort. Buying seamless bras can work well, as can picking less textured bras, such as T-shirt bras, rather than lacey ones. You may also wish to wear a loose-fitting scrub top, but only if this makes you feel more comfortable. Bottoms Unlike scrub tops, scrub pants don’t come in cuts which leave undergarments directly visible; there are no v-necks or short sleeves to worry about. However, there are plenty of other aspects that may influence your decision-making when choosing what to wear under your scrub pants. If you’re working in a cold environment, it can really help to have some form of thermal underwear to keep out the chill. Some lightweight spandex shorts are an incredibly useful and versatile option. Generally speaking, they are made from wicking material, meaning that they keep sweat away from the skin, and provide a useful insulating layer, which helps to keep in the large amount of body heat produced by the thighs and genitals. They offer extra comfort by mitigating the risk of chafing during a busy shift, and can also aid discretion. Long-johns can also be useful in particularly cold conditions, though it is worth careful consideration as to which material you buy. A lightweight and breathable material is key, as thick long-johns may quickly become heavy, over-warm or sweaty. Leggings are also fantastic. Not only are they warming and lightweight, but they can also be worn by themselves before and after your shift. Whether you’re simply keen to get your scrubs off as quickly as possible on your way home, or whether you need to leave your scrubs at the hospital for disinfection, wearing a pair of leggings under our scrubs allows you to remove your scrub pants anywhere, at any time. There are also plenty of choices that you can make if you’re concerned about keeping your underwear invisible. As a practical tip, consider selecting boxer or boy-shorts usually leave a far less visible panty line than thongs or bikini cuts. Plain cotton or simple blends are usually less visible than more textured underwear. Seamless underwear can easily be found online, and lighter colours of underwear are generally less visible than darker colours, especially if you’re wearing light-coloured scrubs. Whilst these are all easy to find and versatile options, there are plenty of creative ways in which you can stay warm and comfortable in your scrubs. For inspiration, see Medshop’s wide range of clothing. Equally, you can follow the Medshop Blog for more ideas, and updates on the latest medical clothing and equipment. Author: Carolyn Cumper's career spans from being a Patrol Officer in Rhodesia to a Paediatric Nurse in the UK, and later a Deputy Hospice Manager in Australia. Her diverse journey includes roles in law enforcement, healthcare, and business, culminating in her significant contributions to Medshop.
March 20, 2025
Carolyn Cumper
How to Style Scrubs: Ideas & Tips
We’ve heard it time and time again from our customers: you’re looking for scrubs that not only reflect your personal style, but that also give off that all-important professionalism. What’s more, we know only too well that comfort is a must – especially when you’re working long shifts! We understand that wearing the same old style in scrubs day in, day out can get pretty tiresome. You’re looking for something comfy, appropriate, but still unique to you. In this guide to accessorizing scrubs, we take a look at layering techniques, personalizing scrubs, playing with colours, quality and fabric selection, and more. Choosing the Right Fit and Fabric for Your Scrubs Our customers always tell us that the biggest pain they’ve experienced when looking for scrubs elsewhere is buying cheap clothing that just doesn’t fit properly. Unfortunately, if you lean into cheaply-made scrubs, you’re going to get a cheap fit. Fit matters – particularly when it comes to comfort. We always advise customers to think of scrubs as much like loungewear – don’t go for a tight or figure-hugging fit when it comes to the base clothes. For example, choose a scrub pants size with a little bit of give, or even better, opt for elastic waistbands and drawstrings so it’s easy for you to move around. Venting and wide fits are also priority points to consider when looking at fit. Many times, people choose scrubs that fit them far too snugly – don’t feel bad about choosing a slightly bigger size! When it comes to fabrics, focus again on comfort, and where possible, material that wicks moisture easily. Think about how long you’re going to be in uniform for on an average shift. Your safest bet is to opt for softer fabrics with a high cotton percentage. As a textile manufacturing engineer on Reddit advises: “Just use regular cotton woven. You can buy it with spandex so that it has some stretch if you want. True medical-quality scrubs have to be a high cotton percentage with a tight weave to prevent as much viral/bacterial contamination as possible. Stretchy knit fabrics are not recommended for scrubs, per most medical professional licensing boards.” Reddit We happen to agree! Our most popular scrub tops and bottoms are cotton-based, largely thanks to how comfortable and easy to clean they are. And, don’t ever overlook comfort just to look good. Studies show that many nurses feel happier at work with a high perception of comfort: “The findings showed that nurses’ perceptions of their comfort might predict their happiness and accounted for 34% of the difference in nurses’ happiness.” Mohamed Farghaly Abdelaliem, S., and Salem Saed Boswihi, H. Balancing Colors and Dress Codes Now, let’s think about adding a splash of colour. We’ve surprised lots of medical professionals over the years with our full palette of scrub choices – you’re not just restricted to the same old greens and blues! First and foremost you should pay attention to your workplace’s dress code. For example, in certain departments, you might need to wear burgundy scrubs, while wearing black in others. So, it’s worth following the rules, but choosing shades and tones that still mix things up a little. For example, you could add a little colour to your work outfit with a wristband or a jazzy lanyard, while still wearing scrubs within your workplace’s dress code. Or, if your department requires you to wear darker colours only, that means you have the flexibility to choose navy, black, or dark grey scrubs (check out our nursing scrubs for some inspiration!). Personalizing Scrubs We’ve heard lots of people over the years say that they feel their scrub uniforms are too restrictive, or too safe. There’s often a reason for that! However, that doesn’t mean you can’t mix things up a little. When it comes to personalising scrubs, you could add accessories such as colourful headbands, badges, patches, or even do your own custom embroidery. Provided you fall within the dress code expected of you, you’re free to customise and jazz up your scrubs however you wish! After all, we all want to emphasise our own individual style – and that’s partly why we bring together so many different types and styles of scrub tops and pants in our online collections! Layering Scrubs Layering is a clever way to add extra depth and warmth to your scrubs, meaning you don’t just look good, but can also protect yourself on colder days. For example, if your workplace permits it, you could add a complementary undershirt or scarf underneath scrubs, or, you could add a jacket or cardigan for extra depth and style. Again, while it’s always good to think about aesthetics, you should also focus on functionality and comfort. So, anything too heavy or thick simply won’t be practical. It’s worth experimenting – some of our customers have talked about matching our scrub colours with outdoor jackets, for example. Choosing the Right Footwear for Comfort and Style Lastly, as a healthcare worker, you’re going to be on your feet for hours at a time – so it’s important to find footwear that’s hard-wearing and supportive. That said, there’s nothing stopping you from finding shoes that complement your choice of scrubs and give you all-day comfort. Always choose gentle, simple colours wherever possible, but if there is flexibility within your dress code, consider wearing shoes with striking patterns or motifs. Many nurses choose clogs or running shoes – mainly because they arrive in a range of different styles, and are designed to support you when moving briskly from one place to the next. The last thing you’ll want on a long shift is rubbing and blisters – so, avoid choosing anything too ‘fashion over form’ for the sake of it. Essential Tips for Caring Your Scrubs Finally, once you’ve settled on a look that really works for you, you should always take time to care for your scrubs properly. Here are a few quick tips: Always wash your scrubs after each use, ideally nightly. Try to avoid using fabric softeners (unless the label on your scrubs advise you otherwise). A great way to preserve your fabrics and their colours is to turn your scrubs inside out before you wash them. Try to avoid bleaching your scrubs – this will just weaken your fabric over time. Above all, when drying your scrubs, make sure you keep things on a low heat to avoid damaging them. Conclusion Ultimately, what you wear to work is always going to be a choice you make – and, while there will always be dress codes to obey, you can still work around these guidelines with a few personal touches and twists. After all, uniforms can certainly get a bit samey after a while! Take our advice and follow the lead of our customers – shop our complete collection of fashionable, flexible scrub tops and bottoms, and match them up and accessorise them. Sources Abdelaliem, S. M. F., & Boswihi, H. S. S. (2024). Nurses’ comfort and well-being: A descriptive study to find out the relationship between nurses’ awareness of self-comfort and well-being at long-term care settings in the state of Kuwait. Medicine, 103(12), e37479–e37479. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000037479 TheSecularBuddhist. (2021). Please suggest me a good fabric for medical scrubs? Reddit. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from https://www.reddit.com/r/Fabrics/comments/q3mifk/please_suggest_me_a_good_fabric_for_medical_scrubs Medshop. (n.d.). Nursing scrubs and uniforms. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from https://www.medshop.com.au/collections/nursing-scrubs-uniforms Medshop. (n.d.). Scrub tops. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from https://www.medshop.com.au/collections/nursing-scrub-tops Medshop. (n.d.). Scrub pants. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from https://www.medshop.com.au/collections/nursing-scrub-pants Medshop. (n.d.). What to wear underneath your scrubs. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from https://www.medshop.com.au/blogs/news/what-to-wear-underneath-your-scrubs
February 26, 2025
Steven Cumper
Continence Management in Aged Care: Best Practices & Approaches
“Incontinence is not only exceptionally common, but there are good treatment options available depending on the specific reason for the incontinence.” Gregory Amend, M.D., assistant professor of urology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Caring for older people brings challenges for both carers and patients that require sensitivity and dignity. Many elderly care residents, for example, suffer from incontinence, which may arise through various associated conditions. Continence is the ability to control your bladder and bowel movements. As we get older, our muscles may weaken, which can make it difficult to manage trips to the toilet, and patients with neurological or psychological conditions may not be able to consciously exercise control. Incontinence can be embarrassing. For those of us caring for the elderly in residential care, it’s crucial to help people maintain their dignity and ensure they are clean and supported. Many of our customers advise that, with individual care plans, they’re able to help the people they support with sensitivity. In this guide, we examine some of the main causes of incontinence, its impacts on those who suffer from it, and how you can help older caretakers manage it with dignity. Types and Causes of Incontinence While there is a burden of incontinence in aged care, there are several types of incontinence that affect people at any age: Urge incontinence: People suddenly feel they need to urinate, or urinate often, and quickly lose control Urinary retention or overflow incontinence: Where you cannot empty your bladder fully and may experience leaking Stress incontinence: Where pressure from exercising, sneezing, coughing, or other physical pressures cause leaking Functional incontinence: Where you are unable to go to the toilet on time because of a physical or mental condition Nocturia: Where you wake up during the night due to bladder problems or urinate during sleep Some people may also experience mixed incontinence, where they cannot control their bladder or bowel movements. Incontinence can also be caused by: Muscle and nerve damage Bowel disease Neurological problems (e.g., spina bifida and strokes) Urinary tract infections Prostate cancer and enlarged prostates Tumor obstruction Muscle aging Menopause As people age, they are at greater risk for incontinence because their muscles and urethras lose strength, and their bladders may no longer be able to hold as much urine. As mentioned, conditions such as dementia can also prevent people from knowing when to go to the toilet or how to control their bladders and bowels. Impact of Incontinence in Older People Incontinence can cause physical and emotional challenges for people in aged care. For example, physical restrictions can mean they are unaware of when they will next be incontinent. The knock-on effects of incontinence for people in aged care include embarrassment and stress, feelings of shame, and wanting to isolate themselves. Moisture buildup from incontinence may also cause skin issues and discomfort for many older people. Those caring for older people with incontinence must treat their patients with kindness, patience, and dignity. A shift in the caring dynamic can also prove challenging and stressful for people caring for parents and grandparents. In some cases, therefore, some older people may feel like burdens and may not be receptive to care and support with incontinence, or even other problems. Safe and Effective Continence Assessment in Aged Care Continence assessment in care homes must be carried out thoroughly but, again, with dignity. Given the sensitive nature of incontinence, assessments need to be accurate and efficient. Carers must consider the extent and frequency of a patient’s incontinence, the patient’s reaction to it, and how much distress and/or physical harm it causes. It’s wise for carers to consider how much fluid intake a patient has, and if there are any patterns to suggest underlying physical or neurological issues. Carers should also consider medical histories, current medicine intake, and physical assessments where appropriate. Monitoring intake and assessing psychological wellness, with sensitivity, is also important. In some cases, carers must communicate with families or next of kin to determine any potential issues, and where additional consent or power of attorney is required. Key Considerations for Continence Management in Residential Care Considerations in residential care will look different for each patient. Just as you must carefully consider dress code for aged care workers, it’s important to think carefully about the knock-on effect of how you approach each resident. Carers and nurses may consider any of the following options: Developing individual care plans (for efficient assessment and to provide dignity) Creating staff training plans and building awareness of incontinence management Adapting facilities (e.g., installing easy-access toilets) Managing healthy fluid intake schedules Creating and managing diet plans Creating regular toilet schedules (where appropriate) Reassigning patients to other areas (in case of environmental factors) Adjusting certain policies Using incontinence products (e.g., pads and protection foams) Ultimately, each incontinence case will differ from one to the next. Therefore, residential care workers must be willing and prepared to adapt schedules and environments to preserve dignity. Management of Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly In many cases, effective urinary incontinence management in the elderly can be managed with gentle adjustments to lifestyle, behaviour, and medicine. For example, some carers might suggest changes to fluid intake and diet to help prevent overflow incontinence. To manage episodes of incontinence that cannot be prevented, carers might also use products such as pads and belted products to ensure leakage is accounted for and can be disposed of safely. However, adjusting to pads can be undignified and even distressing if not handled with care. Above all, carers must be vigilant and think critically about the causes of elderly incontinence, and be able to provide individual care to each patient. Tailoring support can feel more dignified and be more effective at managing the root cause of such problems. A Dignified Approach to Continence Care in Aged Care Facilities Regardless of the causes of incontinence, we all deserve dignity, respect, and privacy. Therefore, while drawing up plans for incontinence care, carers must consider the psychological needs of their patients. This not only means approaching the condition with sensitivity, but also offering emotional support. It is all the more reason why residential homes should develop sensitive training plans to make sure their environments are consistently safe and supportive. This way, both residents and their families can rest easy knowing someone is genuinely caring with appropriate measures. Conclusion Safe and effective continence management is achievable both with critical planning and empathy. A dignified approach to continence care starts with emotional availability, and the careful use of pads and resources to help elderly people stay comfortable and calm in times of distress. Medshop provides a wide range of resources and supplies to help home and residential carers support elderly people better. Many carers advise us that the resources we provide help them to create a more sensitive, efficient, and effective care environment – particularly when it comes to incontinence of all kinds. Sources Australia Department of Health. Victoria. (n.d.). Continence in older people. Health.vic.gov.au. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.health.vic.gov.au/older-people-in-hospital/continence Borrie, M. J., Bawden, M., Speechley, M., & Kloseck, M. (2002). Interventions led by nurse continence advisers in the management of urinary incontinence: A randomized controlled trial. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 166(10), 1267–1273. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC111077/ MedicineNet. (n.d.). Bowel or fecal incontinence: Types, causes, treatment, symptoms. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.medicinenet.com/fecal_incontinence/article.htm HealthInAging.org. (n.d.). Caregiver guide: Incontinence. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/caregiver-guide-incontinence Croner-i. (n.d.). Continence care in care homes. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://app.croneri.co.uk/feature-articles/continence-care-care-homes British Geriatrics Society. (n.d.). Continence care in residential and nursing homes. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.bgs.org.uk/resources/continence-care-in-residential-and-nursing-homes National Institute for Health Research. (2022). Continence, dementia, and care that preserves dignity. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.3310/nihrevidence_51255 Ausmed. (n.d.). Continence management. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/continence-management Edwards, D., Harden, J., Jones, A., & Featherstone, K. (2021). Understanding how to facilitate continence for people with dementia in acute hospital settings: A mixed methods systematic review and thematic synthesis. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01743-0 Health Canada. (2006). Seniors and aging: Bladder control problems (incontinence). Canada.ca. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/healthy-living/your-health/medical-information/seniors-aging-bladder-control-problems-incontinence.html Atlas McNeil Healthcare Community. (n.d.). Understanding the types of incontinence. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.amhcommunity.com.au/blogs/news/types-of-incontinence Continence Health Australia. (n.d.-a). Urinary incontinence. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.continence.org.au/types-incontinence/urinary-incontinence Frailty Care Guides. (2023). Urinary incontinence: Te turuturu o te mimi. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/urinary-incontinence-te-turutUru-o-te-mimi-frailty-care-guides-2023 Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Urinary incontinence: Symptoms and causes. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/symptoms-causes/syc-20352808
February 13, 2025
Steven Cumper
Managing Diabetes in the Elderly
“With our aging population and increasing prevalence of diabetes, the issue of managing diabetes in older people is becoming increasingly important” - Prof. Greg Johnson, Diabetes Australia CEO Diabetes is an ongoing condition that, for millions of older people, can cause pain, discomfort, complications with other conditions, and even fatalities in extreme cases. It’s estimated around one in five Australians between the ages of 80 and 84 are diabetic—that’s around 19%. If there are familial links to diabetes or you notice symptoms in yourself or your loved ones, it’s vital to get a diagnosis fast. In this guide, we discuss the types of diabetes affecting elderly people, and how to manage living with the condition. Types of Diabetes Diabetes is a complex condition that is considered chronic, in that it’s a long-term illness. People with the condition struggle to manage their blood sugar, meaning that when they eat food there isn’t enough insulin in their bodies to turn it into energy. It’s typically divided into four main types, with the first two particularly affecting older people across Australia. Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes is a condition that many people are born with. It’s thought to be an autoimmune condition, and at present, there’s no specific cure. People with type 1 diabetes need to use insulin syringes every day to manage their glucose levels. It’s estimated that around 134,000 people across the country have type 1 diabetes, and 1.3 million have type 2. Type 2 Diabetes As the statistic above shows, type 2 is more common across Australia. This condition arises when your body cannot balance blood sugar and can develop over several years. It’s possible to develop type 2 diabetes through poor lifestyle choices, such as an unhealthy diet or a lack of exercise. Gestational Diabetes Gestational diabetes is unlikely to affect elderly people as it typically occurs to women during pregnancy. This condition usually disappears after women give birth, however, it can make them more susceptible to type 2 diabetes later in life. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) MODY refers to a series of conditions linked to high blood sugar levels. As the name suggests, this condition typically affects people younger than 30, and there are several different types. Common Risk Factors for Diabetes in the Elderly As discussed, there are a few reasons why people might develop any type of diabetes listed during their lifetimes. However, the following risk factors are particularly common, meaning they can exacerbate the condition in elderly people, or increase their risk of developing types one and two: Hereditary links (common with diabetes type 1) Ethnicity (white people are more likely to develop type 1, while other ethnicities may be at higher risk from type 2) Being overweight Leading a sedentary lifestyle (not exercising more than three times a week) Previous cases of gestational diabetes Symptoms and Diagnosis of Diabetes in the Elderly Given the sheer number of telltale signs of diabetes, it isn’t always easy to be able to spot the condition right away. However, typical symptoms elderly people with diabetes exhibit can include: Fatigue and lethargy Numb or tingling hands and feet Excessive urination Diarrhea Blurry vision Excessive, unintentional weight loss Increased general pain Skin infections Increased thirst and hunger Loss of balance Slow healing from skin damage In elderly people, some of the more unique signs of diabetes include sweet-smelling breath, cognitive difficulties, and skin darkening. Some older people may also experience swollen gums and dizziness (leading to fainting). It’s thought that, as we age, we become more susceptible to type 2 diabetes because we become more resistant to insulin, and our pancreases are less effective at managing glucose. Complications of Diabetes in the Elderly We’ve split some of the typical short-term, long-term, and cardiovascular complications that elderly people might face into different categories: Short-Term Complications Falling: Diabetes can cause older people to lose balance because of vision impairment and numbness in their feet. Neuropathy: Nerve damage can occur in the short and long term, but in the short term, older people with diabetes might suffer from nerve pain around the body. Long-Term Complications High blood pressure: Diabetes can lead to blood pressure spikes that could, in turn, affect essential organ performance, and increase the chance of strokes. Memory problems: Many older people with diabetes can struggle with memory loss and the ability to make judgement calls. Depression: Living with and adapting to diabetes can be highly stressful for older people, which might lead to feelings of long-term depression. Factors such as weight fluctuation, tiredness, and sleep problems can cause depressive episodes. Incontinence: In particular, elderly people might experience urinary incontinence due to nerve damage caused by diabetes Kidney failure: Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead elderly people to suffer organ damage such as kidney disease. Cardiovascular Complications Along with other vital organ failures, elderly people suffering from diabetes may be at higher risk of developing heart disease, suffering heart attacks, or experiencing other cardiovascular episodes. Managing Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly: Prevention & Lifestyle Changes Thankfully, there are many proven ways for elderly people to carefully manage their lifestyles so that they can avoid developing diabetes and risk any complications. Personalised Treatment and Medication Instead of looking for catch-all cures, elderly people should consult their doctors or physicians to learn more about their specific condition, and how they can manage it with unique prescriptions. Your doctor will also help you understand how your blood glucose range works when it comes to monitoring your levels. Blood Sugar Monitoring Elderly people don’t have to go to the physician’s office for sugar monitoring tests! In fact, many of our customers purchase diabetes and blood monitors so they can safely analyse their levels from home. Of course, you should never purchase a blood sugar monitor at random. Take a look at our complete guide on how to choose the right glucose meter before you buy. Dietary Modifications and Meal Planning Elderly people should focus on reducing their processed carbohydrate intake to avoid exacerbating diabetes. That means cutting down on sugar-filled drinks, processed snack items, and excessive sugar. Instead, diabetics should try to introduce more protein, water, and fibre into their diets and plan meals with smaller serving sizes. Exercise and Physical Activity for Seniors Exercise isn’t always easy or comfortable for older people. You or your loved one(s) might consider simply taking walks, or maybe trying a little yoga. Older people with a little more strength and flexibility might also consider lifting small amounts of weight to help build lean muscle. Swimming and even chores also count towards regular, healthy exercise! Stress Management and Mental Well-being Elderly people should try to practice breathing and calming exercises to help them handle stressful situations easier. It’s not always possible to avoid stressful situations, therefore, practising meditation and mindfulness, for example, are great ways to adapt to some of life’s more complex moments. Preventing Complications It’s possible to avoid certain complications brought on by diabetes even as you get older. For example, you can: Go to your doctor’s surgery for regular checkups Get vaccinated regularly Manage your cholesterol with low-fat diets Reduce alcohol intake and smoking Brush your teeth regularly and visit a dentist to reduce infection risks Conclusion Managing diabetes in the elderly can sometimes seem complex or even scary. However, provided you or your loved one(s) are willing to ask for help and to make lifestyle adjustments where appropriate, there are plenty of ways to stay healthy. Just like our customers – many of our regular buyers rely on our monitors and syringes to keep track of their blood sugar levels and avoid potentially life-threatening complications. Sources National Council on Aging. (2024). 6 fun physical activities for older adults with diabetes. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.ncoa.org/article/the-6-best-activities-for-older-adults-with-diabetes Diabetes Australia. (2022). Blood glucose target range. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/managing-diabetes/blood-glucose-range Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024a). Diabetes risk factors. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/index.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024b). Diabetes basics. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/index.html Endocrine Society. (2022). Diabetes and older adults. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/diabetes-and-older-adults Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (n.d.). Diabetes: Australian facts, summary. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/summary Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (n.d.). Diabetes: Australian facts, type 2 diabetes. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/how-common-is-diabetes/type-2-diabetes Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Diabetes care: 10 ways to avoid complications. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-management/art-20045803 Diabetes Australia. (2019). Diabetes in Australia. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/about-diabetes/diabetes-in-australia UChicago Medicine. (n.d.). Diabetes in older adults: Risks, treatments & health habits. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/health-and-wellness-articles/diabetes-older-adults National Institute on Aging. (2024). Diabetes in older people. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/diabetes/diabetes-older-people Mayo Clinic Health System. (n.d.). Diabetes: What happens as we age? Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/life-with-diabetes-what-happens-as-we-age Gregg, E. W., Engelgau, M. M., & Narayan, V. (2002). Complications of diabetes in elderly people. BMJ, 325(7370), 916–917. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7370.916 Hernandez, L., Leutwyler, H., Cataldo, J., Kanaya, A., Swislocki, A., & Chesla, C. (2019). Symptom experience of older adults with type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related distress. Nursing Research, 68(5), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000370 Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., Huang, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., Munshi, M. N., Odegard, P. S., Pratley, R. E., & Swift, C. S. (2012). Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care, 35(12), 2650–2664. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1801 Health in Aging. (n.d.). Managing complications of diabetes in later life. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-managing-complications-diabetes-later-life MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maturity-onset-diabetes-of-the-young/
January 27, 2025
Carolyn Cumper
What Are Scrubs? A Comprehensive Guide
Medical scrubs have long been an essential part of any nurse’s wardrobe, no matter where you work and no matter your specialty. They’re designed to be comfortable to wear throughout long shifts, and also to help keep you clean and hygienic when helping patients with various needs. Did you know, in fact, that the colour of your scrubs can even change how professional patients feel you look? Regardless of fashion, however, it’s always important to pick out a set of scrubs that fit comfortably and protect you and the people you help. Let’s dive deeper into why scrubs are so important. The History of Scrubs: From Basics to Modern Day Scrubs are relatively modern, having emerged at the start of the 20th century as medicine continued to evolve. Before the 1900s and enlightened times, nurses, doctors, and surgeons would wear everyday clothes and aprons for protection. Hardly the most hygienic approach! Thankfully, studies into sterilisation helped medical professionals understand that there needed to be a clothing option to protect workers from bodily fluids and to ensure they could clean up more efficiently. This led to the emergence of the white scrub and coat, which eventually evolved into the classic green nursing scrubs you see today. However, you can now buy scrubs in different colours for different purposes! Purpose and Benefits of Scrubs Most importantly, nurses wear scrubs because they’re loose and sterile. They’re to be worn purely in clinical, treatment environments, protecting patients from outside germs and workers and their families from bodily fluids and disease. Here are the main benefits of wearing these clothes in hospital and medical settings: They’re comfortable: People working in healthcare need to keep cool and free to move. Hospitals are hot and fast-paced at the best of times, and many nurses are on their feet for very long shifts. They’re extremely hygienic: Scrubs are made from thick fabric to prevent fluids from touching the wearer’s skin. What’s more, they’re designed to cut off at the elbows to allow for people to wash their hands more efficiently. They help to determine your department: In some cases (not all), scrubs can be used to designate nurses and staff to specific areas of hospitals and clinics. In fact, many of our customers tell us they purchase certain colours because of their specialism! They’re affordable and easy to come by: Nurses and other medical professionals need to invest considerable money in the clothing and tools they use from day to day. While not cheaply made, they are affordable enough for people to replace at short notice if they get damaged or spoiled. How to Choose the Right Scrubs When looking for your first scrub tops and pants, it’s always worth measuring correctly so that you get a fit that’s comfortable and protective. If you’re facing long shifts, the last thing you will need is clothing that’s restrictive or likely to catch! When choosing the right scrubs, you should look for a high-quality scrub line designed by a leading manufacturer, such as Cherokee. Look carefully at user reviews, and be sure to choose a retailer with a strong track record. Otherwise, you could end up purchasing poorly made scrubs that barely last four or five shifts! Also, prioritise scrubs made of fabric that wicks away moisture and is stretchy enough to keep you cool. Measuring your leg length for scrub pants and your chest size for scrub tops, for example, will ensure you choose clothing that fits without being too snug or too loose. If you’re pregnant, you can even find maternity scrubs that will stay comfortable and adapt to your changing body. In some cases, you’ll also need pockets for use on the ward and when moving in and out of the theatre. In fact, many of our buyers tell us that pockets are a must for keeping track of pagers, for example, when on the move between patients. Accessories and additional features that support your ease of work are very important! You should also consider colour significance and patterns. In surgery, for example, it’s worth choosing mild, non-distracting colours, and when working with children, choose warm or fun tones. Finally, always look for scrubs that mention how hard-wearing and long-lasting they’re made to be – this, again, falls under quality of manufacture. However, be sure to check out extra features such as ventilation mesh and crease resistance for the best comfort and longevity during work. Scrubs for Specific Professions During your search for the perfect nursing scrubs, you’re also likely to find variations depending on your role. For example, you might find: Surgical scrubs, which are designed with specific thickness and wicking to keep hygienic in the event of bodily fluids splashing – and which are coloured to help prevent eye strain Pediatric scrubs, which are typically designed in fun, bright colours to appear more warm and pleasing to younger patients Veterinary scrubs, which are stretchy, comfortable and adaptable for vets working with a variety of animals Dental scrubs, which can be highly stain-resistant and have handy pockets available for dentists and hygienists to use Where to Buy Scrubs Unless your hospital or clinic advises you of where to buy specific scrubs from, finding a reputable provider can be difficult. However, here at Medshop, you have a fantastic choice of professionally designed and carefully made scrub pants, tops, and other accessories to support your work. We work with doctors, nurses, and specialists across Australia, supplying leading brand clothing and protection that genuinely weathers shift after shift. Conclusion Regardless of your nursing position or department, knowing where to buy comfortable, protective clothing is a must. Let MedShop take the strain of searching around for scrubs off your plate. Browse our catalogue and be sure to measure carefully – and read more from our buyers to find a make and fit that supports you even on the longest shifts. Sources Cumper, S. (2024). What Are Medical Scrubs & How to Choose Correctly. In ScrubsIQ. https://www.scrubsiq.com.au/blogs/news/what-are-medical-scrubs-how-to-choose-correctly Hribar, C. A., Avinash Chandran, Piazza, M., & Quinsey, C. S. (2023). Association Between Patient Perception of Surgeons and Color of Scrub Attire. In JAMA surgery (Vol. 158, Issue 4, pp. 421–423). JAMA surgery. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5837 Medical Scrubs and Why They’re Important - MedClean. (2018). https://medclean.com/about/resources/the-importance-of-medical-scrubs Scrub Colors Meaning: What Each Color Says in Healthcare. (n.d.). In Care+Wear. https://www.careandwear.com/blogs/community/scrub-color-guide Toohill, A. (2024). What Are The Purpose of Medical Scrubs? Prudential Overall Supply. In Prudential Uniforms. https://www.prudentialuniforms.com/blog/understanding-the-purpose-of-medical-scrubs
January 01, 2025
Steven Cumper
Lifestyle Changes to Maintain Healthy Blood Oxygen Levels
Your blood oxygen health is extremely important to your overall wellbeing. Without blood cells, our bodies’ organs simply wouldn’t receive the oxygen they need to perform properly! Therefore, it’s important to maintain healthy blood oxygen levels so you’re energized and ready to fight illness. One of the best ways to maintain healthy blood oxygen levels is to think carefully about your lifestyle choices. Simply quitting bad habits like smoking or practicing healthy breathing can introduce more oxygen into your body and bloodstream. In this guide, we’ll explore some quick, easy ways to keep your blood oxygen high and healthy. The Importance of Blood Oxygen Levels Healthy blood oxygen levels tell us that a body’s getting enough oxygen for cells to transport around the body. That’s to make sure cells are repaired, that your body receives a balanced amount of energy, and to protect your organs against various types of illness. Typically, a healthy blood oxygen level is at least 95%. This is measured based on saturation in the blood by devices called pulse oximeters. If blood oxygen levels are measured lower than 95%, you could be at risk of hypoxemia, a condition that can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms. In the worst-case scenarios, hypoxemia could be fatal if left untreated. Symptoms and Causes of Low Blood Oxygen Low blood oxygen can lead to common symptoms such as: Shortness of breath General fatigue Headaches Regular coughing and/or wheezing Raised heartbeat Confusion and disorientation Discoloring in skin and nails You could suffer from low blood oxygen due to chronic illness, lifestyle habits, or even by travelling at high altitude. Some chronic conditions that might trigger low blood oxygen, for example, include sleep apnea and cystic fibrosis. Measurement of low blood oxygen could also indicate that you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. In particular, it could be a sign that you have emphysema, a painful lung condition that – much of the time - is caused by excessive smoking. Other lifestyle habits that could bring about low blood oxygen include simply breathing in too much stale air and not getting enough exercise in the open. Unfortunately, the impact of lifestyle habits can be fatal if action isn’t taken in due course. Interestingly, some of our customers (who are medical professionals themselves) recommend taking up yoga or measured breathing exercises to fight off low blood oxygen readings. More on that tip below! Improving Oxygen Levels Through Daily Habits Low blood oxygen is a good indicator that your lungs, and therefore your blood, simply aren’t getting enough fresh air to deliver around the body. That means refraining from habits where you could be inhaling stale air or smoke, or it could simply mean you need to be more active! Breathing and Exercise Filling your lungs with fresh air while exercising is a great way to increase your blood oxygen levels. It’s good practice to get active, regardless – but breathing in stale air for too long is going to affect your blood health. Simple cardio exercise, trying a spot of yoga, or even just stretching your muscles is great for your blood. As mentioned, our customers frequently mention that they’ve turned low blood oxygen levels around simply by taking up regular breathing exercises and techniques. That might be as simple as sitting straight and breathing in and out slowly. It’s a practice called diaphragmatic breathing – and it can even help to lower stress. Nutrition and Hydration The role of nutrition and hydration in blood oxygen levels shouldn’t be understated. As always, a healthy diet is key to maintaining a healthy body, blood oxygen included. Try to eat more leafy greens, increase your iron intake, and eat antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables. You should also try and drink water regularly – and not just for your blood oxygen! Studies show that dehydration can negatively impact your cerebral blood flow. Environmental Factors Affecting Oxygen Levels Unfortunately, even if you live a healthy lifestyle and eat and drink well, some environmental factors can still trigger low blood oxygen. For example, one of the most common triggers for lower oxygen in the blood is simply travelling or living at high altitude. And, of course, if you live in a city or built-up area, you’re more likely to breathe in pollution and smoke. Therefore, your blood oxygen is going to suffer. It’s a good idea to take breaks where there’s clean air – maybe a local park, or out in the countryside if you can. Otherwise, people with long-term low blood oxygen or conditions associated with these levels might want to consider moving home and work completely! At home, it’s relatively easy to purify your air with devices you’ll find online. Look for a reputable brand in air purification and a device that’s well-reviewed. Add houseplants, too – they provide extra oxygen to indoor spaces. Measuring Blood Oxygen Levels As mentioned, to accurately measure your blood oxygen, you need a pulse oximeter. We provide a range of oximeters to our customers for use in professional settings, but if you have a long-term condition or suffer regularly with low blood oxygen, you should invest in a home device. Pulse oximeters give you two main readings – your heart rate and your oxygen saturation, measured in a percentage. The latter is referred to as SpO2. When using your oximeter, you should look for SpO2 of 95% or more for healthy blood oxygen. Anything lower than 90% might indicate a health issue. Our complete guide on how to read pulse oximeters goes in-depth on how to make the most out of your device. Here’s a quick summary of how to measure your blood oxygen: Clean and dry a middle finger or thumb Rest for around five minutes to allow your heart to settle Switch on the oximeter, attach to your finger and place your hand down Keep perfectly still for around a minute and record the reading Pulse oximeter accuracy can vary depending on the brand and the user. For example, if you move around while using it, or wear jewellery that might interfere with sensors, you might not get an accurate reading. We generally recommend you test your blood oxygen levels up to three times a day to get an accurate data spread. When to Seek Medical Advice If you experience severe symptoms along the lines of any of those listed in this guide, always consult a medical professional. If you test your blood oxygen with an oximeter and your SpO2 is lower than 90%, you might have a condition that requires urgent care. If you are in any doubt about your health or suddenly feel unwell, don’t hesitate to call emergency services or your doctor’s surgery for advice. Long-term, medical professionals will likely recommend you change your lifestyle and/or living situation to improve your blood oxygen levels. Conclusion Most of the time, a slightly lower blood oxygen level than usual is nothing to be too scared about. However, it’s still an indication that you need to make some changes to what you eat, drink, and do every day. Now you know how to start increasing blood oxygen levels, be sure to take things steady – don’t charge into a new exercise regime, for example, unless you’re physically able to do so. Remember, the advice given in this guide is purely a starting point! If you are worried about developing conditions that can arise from (or even lead to) low blood oxygen, make an appointment with a doctor or nurse in the first instance. In the meantime, remember to keep measuring your levels at home with a leading pulse oximeter – like those you’ll find in our online store, trusted by medical professionals across Australia. Sources AgingCare. (n.d.). Breathing exercises decrease stress and raise oxygen levels. https://www.agingcare.com/articles/breathing-exercises-decrease-stress-and-raise-oxygen-levels-189489.htm WebMD. (n.d.). How to increase blood oxygen level. https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/how-to-increase-blood-oxygen-level HealthDirect. (n.d.). Emphysema. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/emphysema Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Hypoxemia. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17727-hypoxemia Aviv Clinics. (n.d.). How to increase your blood oxygen levels: 21 actionable tips. https://aviv-clinics.com/blog/wellness/how-to-increase-your-blood-oxygen-levels-21-actionable-tips/ Smart Wellness. (n.d.). Lifestyle changes to maintain healthy blood oxygen levels. https://smartwellness.com.au/blog/lifestyle-changes-to-maintain-healthy-blood-oxygen-levels S.R. (2014). DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272104. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272104 Wexner Medical. (n.d.). Benefits of stretching. https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/benefits-of-stretching
December 23, 2024
Steven Cumper
Can You Use a Defibrillator on a Person with a Pacemaker?
Automated External Defibrillators, or AEDs, can be crucial in saving lives outside of the hospital. It’s thought that, in addition to following CPR, using an AED can improve survival rates from cardiac arrest by up to 50%. People who are at particular risk of cardiac arrest and other heart problems might also use pacemakers and ICD (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators) devices, which can help them manage healthy heart rhythms. But what if someone with a pacemaker needs extra help from an AED? Can you safely use a defibrillator on someone with an ICD or a pacemaker? The answer is yes - AEDs can be used on individuals with these devices, as long as proper precautions are taken. In this guide, we’ll answer these questions and look at a few common AED myths. Understanding Pacemakers and ICDs Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are surgically implanted devices designed to help manage irregular heart rhythms. Pacemakers work by sending electrical impulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate, typically used in cases of bradycardia (a slow heartbeat) or irregular rhythms. ICDs, on the other hand, monitor the heart for dangerous arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, and deliver shocks when necessary to restore a normal rhythm. These devices are vital for preventing complications associated with arrhythmias and significantly reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest A defibrillator, particularly an automated external defibrillator (AED), is needed in cases of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) when the heart’s electrical system fails, leading to chaotic or absent heart rhythms such as ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. In such scenarios, neither a pacemaker nor an ICD may be able to respond effectively. Can a Defibrillator Be Used on Someone with a Pacemaker? Yes, a defibrillator can be used on a person with a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), but precautions should be observed. When using an automated external defibrillator (AED), ensure the pads are placed at least one inch away from the pacemaker or ICD to avoid interference. AEDs are designed to assess the heart's rhythm and deliver a shock only when necessary. This means even if the pacemaker or ICD is functioning, the AED will not deliver an inappropriate shock due to its built-in safety mechanisms. However, if the pacemaker or ICD fails to correct life-threatening arrhythmias, the AED is essential for restoring normal heart rhythm. Myths and Misconceptions about Defibrillators Are AEDs dangerous for untrained bystanders? AEDs are designed to be user-friendly, providing clear instructions and analyzing heart rhythms to ensure shocks are delivered only when necessary. Even untrained individuals can safely and effectively use them during emergencies. AEDs damage pacemakers? When pads are correctly positioned, the electric shock bypasses the pacemaker, preventing any significant interference. Additionally, AEDs defibrillators have built-in safeguards to prevent incorrect usage, making them safe for a wide range of medical situations, including in patients with implanted cardiac devices AEDs don’t work on people who are overweight? There’s a myth that AEDs won’t be effective on individuals who are overweight or obese. However, AEDs are designed to work on people of all sizes. The shock delivered by the AED is based on the electrical rhythms of the heart, and the device adjusts to deliver the right level of energy for the situation. No matter a person’s body type, AEDs will still function as intended if the pads are placed correctly. Are AEDs only for heart attacks? AEDs are often associated with heart attacks, but they are specifically designed to treat sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), which is caused by an abnormal heart rhythm, not a heart attack. Sudden cardiac arrest can happen with or without a heart attack, and an AED is crucial in treating it. Statistics show that 90% of cardiac arrest patients survive when they receive AED shocks in the first minute. Every second counts – so don’t waste them wondering whether or not pacemakers are compatible with defibrillators! Training and Skills for AED Use Many modern AED devices are designed to offer in-use guidance, meaning members of the public can use them, if in a public area, in the event of an emergency. However, it is still important for professionals, such as first responders, and members of the public to learn how to use AEDs. For example, people fitted with pacemakers and ICDs, i.e., those with pre-existing heart conditions, are likely to be at higher risk than those without such fittings. Therefore, it’s wise to learn about AED pad placement, appropriate use, and what to look for in a quick visual inspection of your patient. As mentioned, you might typically see pacemaker scarring or slight chest lumps that suggest your patient has internal devices. In the event of having a cardiac arrest, it’s highly unlikely the victim will be able to tell you if they have a pacemaker or not – so, it’s better to be aware of what to look for. Just as it’s important to refresh first aid training and the basics of CPR, it’s just as important that building personnel know how to use AEDs effectively – don’t overlook the value of investing in training for your team! Do also take care to engage your team on how to use different types of defibrillators – such as manual devices – wherever possible. How to Perform CPR on People with Pacemakers In the event of someone with a pacemaker suffering a cardiac arrest, it’s vital to follow standard CPR procedures, regardless of using AEDs. The basics of CPR still apply with people fitted with pacemakers. However, you should adjust your compressions slightly to avoid disrupting where the implant is fitted. Apply compressions quickly and firmly – between 100 and 120 per minute – close to the centre of the chest, and away from the pacemaker site. Simply being mindful of a pacemaker or ICD during CPR is enough – you can usually tell if someone has a fitting if they have a small bump under the skin, or if there is chest scarring. In which case, it is better to be safe rather than sorry, and to avoid damaging the device or causing harm to the patient. Conclusion It’s a myth that you can’t use AEDs on someone with a pacemaker or an ICD. In fact, in many cases, doing so will make the difference between life and death. Therefore, always make sure to account for potential pacemaker fittings before using an AED, consult any manuals provided, and top up your team’s training – even knowing the basics can help to save lives in the event of an emergency. FAQ on Using a Defibrillator on a Person with a Pacemaker Let’s close our guide with some commonly asked questions about AEDs and pacemakers. Can a defibrillator cause electrical interference when used on a metal surface? Yes, using a defibrillator directly on a metal surface can cause interference and stop an AED from working correctly. However, it is usually safe to use an AED on a patient who is lying on a metal surface. Devices such as metal detectors, cellphones, and headphones are unlikely to cause interference or impede AEDs, either. What if the pacemaker or ICD is delivering a shock when I use the defibrillator? You can still use an AED alongside an ICD when attending to a patient. The AED pads should be placed at least one inch away from the implanted device to avoid interference. The AED will analyze the heart rhythm and determine if a shock is necessary. AED’s built-in safety mechanisms will guide appropriate action. Experts agree that it’s safe to use general CPR while ICDs are in effect, too. Sources Berkman, M. (2023). AED with Pacemaker - How To Use Defibrillator With Pacemaker. In Avive AED. Avive AED. https://avive.life/blog/aed-with-pacemaker Can you use a defibrillator on someone with a pacemaker? (n.d.-a). In www.bhf.org.uk. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/ask-the-experts/cpr-with-a-pacemaker-and-icd Cleveland Clinic medical professional. (2024). Defibrillator: Types, Uses and Purpose. In Cleveland Clinic. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23020-defibrillator Devices That May Interfere With ICDs and Pacemakers. (n.d.). In www.heart.org. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/devices-that-may-interfere-with-icds-and-pacemakers It’s shockingly simple to help save a life. (n.d.). In Heart Foundation. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/media-releases/shockingly-simple-to-save-a-life Jane. (2023). CPR for Pacemaker & Defibrillator Users. https://cpraedcourse.com/blog/is-it-possible-to-perform-cpr-on-someone-with-a-pacemaker/# Mascitti, A. (2023). Special Considerations When Using an AED. In AED Brands. https://www.aedbrands.com/blog/special-considerations-when-using-an-aed/ AED Fact Sheet. (2023). American Heart Association. https://cpr.heart.org/-/media/CPR-Files/Training-Programs/AED-Implementation/2023-updates/AED-fact-sheet-Feb-2023.pdf
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