Steven Cumper
Steven John Cumper, B.App.Sc. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong background in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine. He founded Medshop while studying at RMIT University in Australia, expanding its reach to markets in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Malaysia. In September 2021, the Bunzl Group acquired a majority stake in Medshop, but Cumper remains involved as the Managing Director (Medshop Group). His journey from Zimbabwe to the UK and Australia reflects his dedication to academia and entrepreneurship, combining diverse knowledge and experience.
Latest Articles
October 24, 2024
Steven Cumper
Defibrillator Requirements and Regulations in Australia
In the event of a cardiac arrest, a defibrillator or AED is an essential piece of medical equipment that can save a life with an electric shock. Many of the doctors and nurses we’ve supported over the years have sworn by AEDs to help bring people back from the brink of fatal episodes – however, they need to be used safely and appropriately.
September 16, 2024
Steven Cumper
The Best Penlights for Nurses in Australia
Few non-medical folks in Australia will ever understand the value of the right penlight to a nurse. They’ll argue that smartphones come with flashlights, which is true, but let’s see those people fish out their precious smartphones with a germ- and latex-covered hand during a busy shift. Oh, and good luck getting that sensor to register a fingerprint or any perception of a human hand through a latex glove. Not to mention, phones are usually tucked away in pockets or lockers, not the convenient breast pocket of your scrubs. In short, using the smartphone light is not an option for nurses and other medical professionals in Australia. A penlight is a must-have. When one needs a light on something, usually pupils, said light can't happen fast enough. Ideally, it's a perfect beam of intensity. Then, ideally, that light must neatly go away in such a way that one can find it again in a moment. That is the magic of the penlight. This is what everyday people will never understand. It's close, convenient, and willing to put up with germs in demanding environments like hospitals and clinics. Until scientists can create a voice-activated beam of light that emanates a perfect beam like magic from thin air, penlights will remain the James Bond gadget of nurses in Australia. Before diving into the list of penlights every nurse in Australia must have, here is a brief review of features for the uninitiated (gift-giving) reader. Nurses, feel free to skip ahead... Note: all prices are valid on the publication date Key Features of Penlights By the name, most would expect penlights to have two main functions: to write and to light. In actuality, the "pen" part of the name refers to the shape of these mini-torches, not their function. They don't generally write—not any in our catalogue at Medshop Australia. Early penlights came with miniature incandescent bulbs, but today’s versions are progressively more often made with LED technology. The features come down to a few simple options: Batteries (Rechargeable or not) Bulb (LED or Incandescent) Materials (Metal or Plastic) Pupil Gauge On/Off Switch Lumens (Brightness Level) Runtime (Battery Life) Pocket Clip (For easy everyday carry) Rechargeable Options (USB rechargeable penlights) For some professionals, the life of a given penlight will be about as long as that of a pen, lost in the chaos of a day or co-opted by a coworker. Others will collect penlights like figurines. This says nothing, however, about the value of a good penlight at the right time. What follows are the best options for the collectors and the misplacers, all available in Australia. Spirit Instrulite Spirit Medical designed their chrome Instrulite intending to supply nurses and other medical professionals with a mini torch that would hopefully last more than a day in the demanding Australian healthcare environment. At $26.4 AUD, it’s definitely not a disposable light. This high-quality penlight offers bright illumination from a cold light, LED, even though the bulb looks like a traditional incandescent. It provides the right level of lumens for precise examination, making it an excellent choice for everyday carry (EDC) in a busy Australian clinic or hospital. Unlike many penlights, the casing for this one is not plastic. It’s brass, coated in chrome, with a pupil gauge emblazoned on the side. The clip both keeps one from losing it and serves as the switch. This also facilitates pulling it out, turning it on, and aiming it in one swift move from a breast pocket. Spirit’s Instrulite comes with two AAA batteries, which can be easily swapped for rechargeable batteries to reduce waste and ensure longevity. It’s a good light for an organized professional who values quality and durability in a medical penlight. Prestige Disposable Taking a huge step down in cost, for $8.16 AUD one can have all the illumination of the Instrulite by Spirit, but in a disposable form factor with the Prestige Medical disposable penlight. Medshop Australia offers 14 color options for this disposable penlight. Unlike the previous light on this list, these cute, colored torches do not come with a pupil gauge on the side unless you order the white one specifically. These are ideal for healthcare facilities in Australia that want to provide penlights that can run their course and then be disposed of. Individuals who run through penlights quickly will appreciate the low cost. The Prestige Disposable is the perfect solution for those who need a functional, affordable light source that they won't worry about misplacing. Not only that, orders come in multiple colors so if you’re the sort of person who likes to change things up every day, life is a rainbow you’re lighting up as you go using Prestige's Disposable Penlight. Welch Allyn Penlight Totally different from the last option, this elegant penlight from Welch Allyn offers a premium penlight in a beautiful form factor. This is not a good option for the sort of medical professional in Australia who misplaces tools often. For $92.57 AUD, most would call losing this lovely tool a “rough day at work.” Housed in a solid brass casing, powder-coated in black, this sturdy penlight offers halogen light technology. That’s the same technology most vehicles use to light up the night, providing a bright, high CRI light for accurate tissue examination. The bright white beam from this torch makes the Welch Allyn Penlight ideal for investigating tissue color as well as pupil dilation. It could also guide you through the dark in a power outage if necessary. With its durable construction and precision lighting, this medical penlight is built to last and deliver high-quality performance for Australian healthcare professionals. Aero Pupil Gauge Disposable Penlight Aero's Pupil Gauge Disposable Penlight is a practical choice for medical professionals in Australia who prioritize both functionality and convenience. Designed to offer precise lighting with its built-in pupil gauge, this penlight is lightweight and easy to carry in your scrub pocket or bag. It’s an ideal option for those in fast-paced environments who require a reliable and disposable medical penlight. Bi-Functional Penlight Available from Medshop Australia in 7 colors, the Bi-Functional Penlight from Spirit offers a lightweight, sturdy design with a unique power button. Unlike most of the penlights in this blog, the clip on this torch is the switch, but it also has an auxiliary control. Like its namesake, the pen, this light toggles on and off for short bursts via a button on the top. That helps the Bi-Functional save battery life, using two AA batteries. The LED bulb helps too, providing bright and consistent lumens for daily use. What most users in Australia will notice about this penlight is how it stows away easily, thanks to its slim design. Non-assuming, it makes an ideal penlight for most medical professionals who need a reliable tool for their EDC gear. It also features a pocket clip for added convenience, allowing for quick access when needed during a shift. Choosing the Right Penlight for You When choosing a penlight in Australia, think about how you'll be using it. Do you need something disposable and low-cost, or are you looking for a more durable, high-end option? Consider factors like brightness (lumens), battery life (runtime), whether it's rechargeable, and how comfortable it is for everyday carry. No matter your preference, having the right penlight can make all the difference in your day. So, why not start a little collection? Keep a few different types on hand so you're prepared for whatever comes your way. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 09, 2024
Steven Cumper
How To Stop Incontinence: Solutions You Can Live With
On average, one in ten Australians suffers from urinary incontinence in some form. That’s around 2.4 million Australians using the best data we have. If you're a woman, the chances of you suffering multiply by almost four; 37 percent of Australian women suffer, according to the same data. Considering 70 percent of those who suffer do not report symptoms, it’s impossible to know exactly how many Australians suffer, but you can assume the number goes up, not down. Urinary incontinence in women is a common yet underreported condition. Not alone? It may be a private matter, but there are millions suffering from the same emotions. While the matter might seem worthy of snickering to someone not in the thick of the problem, it’s hardly funny to anyone who suffers. If the title of this blog drew your attention, it’s likely you suffer yourself or know others who do. You know firsthand how troubling this can be. There is a silver lining to these turbid clouds. Incontinence symptoms can be embarrassing, but it’s not a death sentence. There are worse diagnoses. Also, there are long-term solutions available, some of which don’t require surgery. But, to treat it, you have to first know what sort of incontinence ails you. That likely means going to a healthcare provider, reason enough for many to hide and ignore the problem. If by the end of this blog you believe your symptoms could improve from a visit to the doctor, we strongly encourage you to seek professional help. What is FUNCTIONAL incontinence? The term functional in this context is almost a misnomer, insomuch that the sufferer may struggle with one of many reasons for not making it to the toilet in time. Challenges creating functional incontinence could be as simple as diminished eyesight or as complicated as dementia. For some reason, medical or physical, the sufferer simply cannot bridge the urge with the action of going to the toilet. Functional incontinence, therefore, can affect people of any age. To make sense of the term, there is a functional reason, albeit one that causes dysfunction, preventing the person from getting there on time. As such, treatment may be a matter of treating the related ailment. In the case of poor eyesight, corrective lenses or eye surgery could put an end to two challenges at one time. If you were to turn this challenge on its head, the incontinence becomes a mixed blessing for these patients, pushing them to address a condition they might have otherwise ignored. In the other example mentioned, dementia, the solutions might not be as easy, but there ARE solutions for improving dementia's reach. Meanwhile, one can use a simple solution like absorbent briefs, which fit about the same as normal undergarments but protect from accidents. In the case of children who suffer, providing them with this kind of insurance is the humane thing to do, especially since they fit so well. What is OVERFLOW incontinence? Those who suffer from overflow incontinence never fully empty their bladders. For one of several potential reasons, they have a restricted urethra or they lack the muscle strength to expel the urine completely. In the case of a man who has prostate cancer, the first time he learns of his overflow incontinence might be the same time he learns of his prostate cancer. Although scary in name, prostate cancer is often treatable, which makes the accompanying overflow incontinence also treatable. In the case where one suffers this version of incontinence due to the side effects of medication, the solution is obvious. A switch or cessation of the medicine will stop the urine leakage. If that is not an option, adult incontinence briefs are a solution. Just like the briefs mentioned above for kids, they wear like regular undergarments but with a layer of protection. What causes STRESS incontinence? Quite common amongst those who suffer is stress urinary incontinence. What can cause the discharge is simple actions like coughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy objects. As such, stress, in this case, is not the sort of stress one feels from pressure at work. This is short bursts of physical stress, striking the sufferer unawares. A result of pelvic floor movement, it can even be connected to something as simple as laughter. Treatment, as such, is a little more challenging. If the discharge is minimal, you may decide to ignore it for now, but this discharge can escalate over time. The solution is usually a matter of strengthening the right muscles, the pelvic floor muscles yes, but also the urinary sphincter. Treatment may involve pelvic floor muscle exercises (also known as Kegel exercises), even for men. In some cases, your doctor may suggest surgery as a solution, such as a sling procedure. Meanwhile, stress incontinence doesn’t mean one has to surrender feeling alluring. What is URGE incontinence? Not to be confused with stress incontinence, urge incontinence is a failure of the bladder muscles to stop urine flow from an overactive bladder. Unprovoked by bursts of physical stress, the afflicted suffer sudden sensations of needing to urinate. Time and place do not factor in. Once it hits, there is no stopping the eventual leaking urine. Causes can vary but often stem from other physical limitations, infections, disease, such as urinary tract infection, or spinal cord damage. In less severe cases, it’s a matter of bladder irritation. Solutions may include bladder training, Botox injections, or nerve stimulation to manage the condition. In some cases, your doctor may recommend medications or even surgery, depending on the severity. Should I worry about incontinence when running? Any of the mentioned versions of incontinence can affect one during physical activity like running. This can be not only embarrassing but distracting and irritating. Maintaining one’s general health need not take a backseat to something as manageable as incontinence. For athletes, managing symptoms may include wearing absorbent undergarments or focusing on pelvic floor muscle exercises to strengthen control during exertion. How to Stop Incontinence Actually fixing incontinence requires a trip to the doctor. Urodynamic testing can help your urologist or healthcare provider determine the specific cause of your bladder control problems. Lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding acidic foods, and drinking enough fluids are important. Some individuals may also benefit from avoiding diuretics and managing constipation, which can contribute to incontinence symptoms. Treatment options could include the use of bulking agents, a pessary to support the bladder, or in some cases, a catheter to help with bladder emptying. In more severe cases, surgery such as the sling procedure may be necessary, or other treatments like Botox injections and nerve stimulation. These interventions can help restore bladder control for those suffering from chronic incontinence. Bladder diaries are often recommended to help track the amount of urine leakage, voiding patterns, and any triggers that worsen symptoms. If your incontinence is related to menopause, low estrogen levels may also be a factor, and hormone replacement therapies could be considered. Incontinence doesn’t have to be something you announce to the world. It’s a private matter between you and your physician, and that is final. If your condition is something you no longer wish to live with, you’re not alone. Here's that number again: At least 13 percent of the people around you suffer the same problems. At Medshop, we offer a wide range of Abena incontinence products designed to help manage symptoms with comfort and reliability. From absorbent briefs to undergarments and liners, Abena provides high-quality solutions for every level of incontinence, ensuring you can regain control and confidence in your daily life. Explore our selection today to find the best product for your needs. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 06, 2024
Steven Cumper
What is a Vision Screening Test?
A vision screening test is a simplified version of an eye exam that is designed to detect vision problems early on. Usually, if any kind of eye problem is detected, a referral is made to a qualified ophthalmologist or optometrist who will conduct a comprehensive eye examination. Eye care is important at all stages of life; however, vision screening tests are mostly conducted on children, in schools or at GP surgeries, rather than in a specialized eye clinic. This allows early identification of a range of eye disorders that can then be dealt with by qualified health professionals. Here, we explore what’s involved in a vision screening test, what to look out for, and when to see a specialist care professional. Read on to learn more. What do they do in a vision screening? A vision screening test usually consists of three main elements, each of which is used to determine a different area of vision testing. They include: Visual Acuity Testing Visual acuity testing requires both reading ability and cooperation, and so is generally only suitable for older children and adults. The test asks the patient to identify letters and shape on an eye chart from a distance of 20 feet. Covering one eye at a time can help to identify eye problems in wither the left or right eye. Eye and Pupil Inspection This type of test is suitable for all ages, as it requires not cooperation or comprehension skills. Both the shape and colour of the eye are assessed, usually with a pen light. Both pupils should be the same size and react in the same way when the light is shone into them, becoming smaller as the eye reacts to the light. Photoscreening Using a special camera, photo screening identifies eye problems like refractive errors and other ocular abnormalities. Colour Blindness Test This test checks for potential colour blindness, usually in children. The patient is shown a picture of coloured numbers or symbols on a background of multicoloured dots. If the numbers or symbols are invisible, then the patient has a form of colour blindness. What are the normal results of a vision screening? Normal results of a vision screening test are simply presented as no apparent problems; however, since these tests are simple and rudimentary, a patient may still need to see a qualified optometrist or optician later in life for a comprehensive eye examination. What eye diseases are screened for? Vision screening tests differ from more complex eye tests in that they only look for potential symptoms of a range of eye disorders and abnormalities. Some of the most common eye diseases and conditions screened for include: Amblyopia — Poor vision in one eye, sometimes known as “lazy eye”, caused by a problem with how the brain and eye work together. Strabismus — Known as “cross eyes” or “wall eyes”, this condition cause one or both eyes to look in different directions. Astigmatism — Generally blurry vision which makes it difficult to see at night. Myopia (short sighted) — This condition makes seeing at distance difficult and objects appear blurry. Hyperopia (far sighted) — This condition makes seeing close-up diffifcult and object appear blurry, What equipment is used in a vision screening test? A broad range of vision screening equipment is available to help aid the test and generate measurable results. Distance charts, Ishihara Color Blindness Tests, pinhole occluders, and electroretinography can all be used within vision screening. You’ll find a comprehensive range of vision screening equipment at Medshop, with dedicated tools and kits for children too. Explore the range today and ensure your school or clinic has the right equipment to catch vision problems at an early age. Additionally, check out the blog for more information on a broad range of healthcare and medical topics. What Is an Eye Exam? An eye examination is a detailed assessment conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist to check overall eye health. It goes beyond vision testing by evaluating for eye disorders like glaucoma, cataracts, and refractive errors. Regular eye examinations are essential for detecting issues early and preventing vision loss, especially in older adults. Eye Exam Procedure An eye examination involves a series of tests to assess visual acuity, eye alignment, depth perception, and eye health. Health professionals may dilate the eyes to check the retina and optic nerve for signs of eye diseases like glaucoma or cataracts. For individuals who wear contact lenses or are considering eye surgery, comprehensive exams are crucial. Vision Screening for Children A vision screening program is essential for maintaining child health, as early detection of vision issues can prevent long-term complications. In Australia, free vision screening is often available in schools and healthcare settings, enabling early identification of problems such as amblyopia (lazy eye) or strabismus (crossed eyes), ensuring timely intervention by a care professional. Vision Screening vs. Eye Exam While vision screening is a quick method to identify potential issues, it does not replace a full eye examination conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Screenings are usually part of routine health checks for children, but adults should undergo regular, more comprehensive eye exams to detect conditions like glaucoma or cataracts before they lead to vision loss. The Importance of Vision Checks and Eye Exams Regular vision testing and eye exams are critical for maintaining long-term eye health. In Australia, routine checks and vision screening programs in schools help safeguard child health. Adults, particularly those at risk for conditions like glaucoma or cataracts, should have regular eye exams to prevent irreversible vision loss. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 05, 2024
Steven Cumper
The Best Eco Nappies
As any parent or carer will know, babies get through a lot of nappies. The average baby gets through an incredible 4,000 nappies by the time they’re potty trained. The vast majority of these nappies will end up in landfill. And as most aren’t made from biodegradable materials, that’s exactly where they’ll stay. One of the best ways to reduce the environmental impact of a newborn is to use eco-friendly nappies. Made from biodegradable materials, and with a lighter carbon footprint, eco-friendly nappies can help you be that little bit kinder on the environment. To help you find the right sustainable baby nappies for your little one, we’re taking a look at some of the best disposable and reusable nappies around. What is an Eco-Friendly Nappy? Eco nappies, or eco-friendly nappies, are designed to minimize their environmental impact compared to traditional disposable nappies. They often contain natural, biodegradable materials, reduce the use of harmful chemicals, and are produced using sustainable practices. Some eco nappies are partially compostable or biodegradable, which helps reduce waste in landfills. Eco nappies can be divided into two main categories: Biodegradable disposable nappies: Made with plant-based or compostable materials, designed to break down faster than regular nappies. Reusable nappies (cloth nappies): Designed to be washed and reused multiple times, significantly reducing waste. What is the Most Environmentally Friendly Nappy? While no eco-friendly nappies are completely biodegradable, there are a number of options that are virtually carbon neutral. Using these nappies can help you to significantly reduce your carbon footprint. Reusable Nappies If you want to minimise the amount of physical waste you produce, cloth nappies are a good choice. Unlike disposable diapers, reusables can be washed, dried and worn again and again. This means you won’t have to throw a nappy away every time your baby needs a change. Reusable nappies have come a long way in the last few decades and are now specifically to be absorbent, easy to use and kind to your baby’s skin. However, washable nappies generally aren’t as absorbent as disposable options and even premium reusable nappy brands can have problems with leakage. In most cases, parents will need to use extra inserts and change their reusable nappies on a regular basis. Eco-Friendly Disposable Nappies Another eco-friendly option is to invest in biodegradable disposable nappies. Although not compostable, an eco-friendly disposable nappy will break down much faster than standard nappies. A lot of biodegradable nappies are also made from sustainable natural materials like bamboo fibre. This will help to reduce the amount of waste in landfill and minimise the carbon produced during the manufacturing process. What are the Benefits of Eco Nappies? There are several reasons why parents are choosing eco nappies over conventional ones: Reduced landfill waste: Traditional disposable nappies take hundreds of years to decompose. Eco nappies, particularly biodegradable ones, break down faster, reducing their long-term environmental impact. Fewer harmful chemicals: Eco nappies are typically free from chlorine, fragrances, dyes, and other harmful chemicals that can irritate your baby’s skin. Sustainable sourcing: Many eco nappy brands use renewable resources such as bamboo or wood pulp, which are sourced responsibly. Compostability: Some eco nappies are fully or partially compostable, meaning you can dispose of them in a home composting system. Healthier for baby’s skin: Natural materials like bamboo are gentle on sensitive skin and provide better breathability. Which are the Best Biodegradable Nappies? Although a lot of nappies contain biodegradable materials, there is currently no true 100% biodegradable nappy on the market. This is because even sustainable nappies contain some elements that can’t be easily broken down. If sustainable diapers aren’t fully compostable, you might well ask the question are eco-friendly diapers worth it? The answer to this is definitely a resounding yes. Because, while your used nappies might not turn into compost in the blink of an eye, they will degrade a lot faster than standard options. What’s more, the manufacturing processes for nappies made from sustainable materials like corn starch, organic cotton and chlorine-free wood pulp produce a lot less carbon than traditional nappies. This makes the entire process more eco-friendly. 1. Bambo Nature Made in Denmark, the production process for Bambo Nature eco-friendly nappies has sustainability built in from start to finish. The packaging is fully recyclable, while an impressive 95% of the waste from the production facility is recycled and the brand holds both the Nordic Swan Eco Label and the FSC label. Free of phthalates and nasty dyes, the nappies are breathable, flexible, absorbent and dermatologically tested. So if you’re wondering what the best eco-friendly diapers for sensitive skin are, Bambo Eco Nature is a great choice. 2. Kit & Kin The brainchild of Spice Girl Emma Bunton and developer Chris Money, Kit & Kin is one of the most popular eco-friendly disposable nappies around. The nappies are made from a number of sustainable and biodegradable materials including FSC certified wood pulp and bio-based gels. As well as sustainable nappies, Kit & Kin also offers a range of chlorine-free baby wipes and a great choice of nappy rash lotions and biodegradable accessories. 3. Eco by Naty Naty nappies have been available since 1994, making them one of the most established names on the market. Made largely from sustainable, plant-based materials, the nappies don’t contain any nasty chemicals and no oil-based plastics will touch your baby’s skin. Even so, Eco by Naty nappies stay impressively dry, even overnight. 4. Cheeky Panda Cheeky Panda nappies are made from sustainably grown bamboo and other eco-friendly materials. Naturally hypoallergenic and with a wetness indicator built in, Cheeky Panda nappies have the convenience of mainstream brands like Pampers but without the carbon footprint. Their ‘Aqua Lock’ technology means the bamboo nappies have an absorbent core, while added Aloe Vera means Cheeky Panda nappies are great for sensitive skin. 5. Bambino Mio If you don’t want to produce any waste at all, you could opt for reusable instead of disposable nappies. Search ‘what are the best cloth nappies’ and there’s a good chance that Bambino Mio will be right at the top of your results. Bambino Mio offers a great, easy to use option for those who want to go as green as possible. Their Miosolo nappies have an all-in-one system that means the nappies will fit your little one from the time they’re a newborn to when you start potty training. This means that, while the nappies may seem expensive at first, they’re likely to save you a significant amount of money in the long run. What to Consider When Choosing Eco Nappies Before selecting the best eco nappies for your baby, it’s important to consider the following factors: Materials: Look for nappies made from plant-based or biodegradable materials such as bamboo, cotton, or wood pulp. Check for certifications that verify eco-friendliness (e.g., FSC-certified wood pulp or Oeko-Tex-certified fabrics). Performance: Eco nappies should provide good absorption and leak protection, ensuring your baby stays dry and comfortable. Biodegradability: Some nappies are 100% biodegradable, while others may only be partially compostable. Make sure you know how long they take to decompose. Comfort and Fit: Ensure the nappy is comfortable for your baby, with a secure but gentle fit that won’t cause irritation or rashes. Cost: Eco nappies can be more expensive than traditional disposables, but many parents find the investment worth it for the environmental benefits. Certifications: Look for nappies that have been certified by environmental and health organizations, such as the EU Ecolabel or the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS). What are the Best Eco-Friendly Nappies? Each of these eco-friendly options offers its own benefits. Luckily, with most babies wearing nappies for at least a couple of years, you’ll have plenty of time to try out different brands and decide which are the best eco-friendly disposable nappies for your needs. Find out more about sustainable nappies, and start stocking up for your new arrival, by exploring our range today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 05, 2024
Steven Cumper
Audiometric Testing Explained
Audiometric testing is used to assess a patient’s ability to hear sound. This type of examination can be used both to test hearing loss and ensure a hearing aid is working properly. If you’re concerned about your hearing and are about to go for an audiometric test, take a look at our guide to find out exactly what to expect. Types of Audiometric Testing Hearing tests can take a number of different forms. Basic audiology tests can be carried out in a doctor’s office and may involve completing a questionnaire and listening to whispered voices, tuning forks or tones from an ear examination scope. This type of test will indicate if there is hearing loss, however, it won’t define the type of hearing loss the patient is experiencing or provide the audiologist with detailed information. If an audiologist suspects more serious hearing issues, they may carry out a formal hearing test. This will thoroughly examine the patient’s hearing ability and determine their degree of hearing loss. There are a number of different tests that can be carried out. These include: Pure tone testing Bone conduction testing Speech testing Tympanometry Immittance audiometry Acoustic reflex testing Auditory brainstem response Otoacoustic emissions Pitch matching test Pure Tone Testing Pure tone testing, also known as pure tone audiometry, uses air conduction to measure a patient’s ability to hear sounds at various pitches and volumes. During a pure tone test, the patient will sit in a specially designed booth and will listen to a series of sounds via earphones. The patient will be asked to make a signal – such as raising their hand or pressing a button – every time they hear a sound. The minimum volume required to hear each tone is graphed by an audiometer, and the test results charted on an audiogram. Having high-quality soundproof booths is critical to ensure no environmental interference with the test results. Bone Conduction Testing Bone conduction testing is another type of pure-tone testing. It measures the response of a patient’s inner ear to sound. During the test, a conductor will be placed behind the patient’s ear, against the mastoid bone, and will send tiny vibrations through the bone directly to the inner ear. This is designed to test bone conduction, an important aspect of hearing. This test is particularly useful when patients have a blockage or damage in their outer or middle ear, allowing us to isolate inner ear issues. Speech Testing Also known as a word recognition test, speech discrimination test or speech audiometry, speech testing measures the patient’s ability to detect and repeat spoken sounds. This type of testing is used to measure the speech reception threshold (SRT), which indicates the faintest speech that can be understood 50% of the time. It also measures the patient’s ability to separate speech from background noise. The test can be administered in either a quiet or noisy environment. Speech testing is particularly helpful for those with hearing aids, as it assesses their effectiveness in daily situations. Tympanometry Tympanometry measures the movement of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) in response to air pressure. The test can determine if there’s a build-up of fluid or wax, eardrum perforations or a tumor like an acoustic neuroma. Tympanometry is often performed at Australian hearing centres such as Hearing Australia and is critical for diagnosing middle ear issues Immittance Audiometry Immittance audiometry measures the function of the eardrum and the flow of sound through the middle ear. During the test, a probe is inserted into the ear and air pumped through it to change the pressure as tones are produced. During the test, a microphone is used to monitor how well sound is conducted within the ear under different pressures. Acoustic Reflex Testing Acoustic reflex testing is used to measure the involuntary muscle contractions of the middle ear. This can help audiologists to determine the location of a hearing issue, for example, in the ossicles, cochlea or auditory nerve. It can also indicate the type of hearing loss the patient is experiencing. Acoustic reflex tests used effectively in diagnosing more complex cases of hearing loss, particularly in identifying neural or inner ear issues. Auditory Brainstem Response Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is commonly used to screen newborns for hearing problems. ABR can also determine if a patient has sensorineural hearing loss. During this type of audiometric testing, electrodes are attached to the head, scalp or earlobes and the patient is given earphones to wear. Brainwave activity is measured in response to sounds of varying intensities. The Australian Government supports newborn hearing screening through the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) program, ensuring that hearing issues are identified early in life. Otoacoustic Emissions Otoacoustic emissions are sounds generated by the vibrations of the hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. They can be tested by placing a tiny probe, fitted with a microphone and speaker, into the ear to stimulate the cochlea. People with normal hearing will produce emissions. However, when hearing loss exceeds 25-30 decibels, no sound will be produced. This test is widely available across Australia, with organisations like Australian Hearing offering this test as part of their diagnostic services. Pitch Matching Test Pitch matching tests allow audiologists to check for tinnitus. During the test, the audiologist will play several different high frequency tones into the patient’s earphones. When they find the one that matches their tinnitus, they can indicate it by raising a hand or pressing a button. How a Hearing Test Works The loudness, or volume, of sound is measured in decibels (dB). A whisper is about 20 dB, while a very loud noise, like a jet engine, is about 180 dB. The tone of sound is dictated by its frequency which is measured in Hertz (Hz). Low bass tones range from 50 to 60 Hz and high-pitched tones are generally 10,000 Hz or higher. Normal hearing range is 20-20,000 Hz. Most people can hear sounds of 10 dB and higher. Hearing tests are used to determine if a person’s hearing level falls outside of this normal range. If it does, the patient may experience some amount of deafness and could require a hearing aid. Different hearing tests are used to measure different types of hearing loss. Our ears have three distinct areas – the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear – and each plays a role in transmitting sound from outside to in. Audiologists use various hearing tests to find out exactly where the issue is and learn more about what could be causing it. The three main types of hearing loss these tests measure are: Sensorineural hearing loss - damage to the nerve or cochlea Conductive hearing loss - damage to the eardrum or the tiny ossicle bones Age-related hearing loss – a type of sensorineural hearing loss that gets worse as a person ages In some cases, a person may have asymmetrical hearing loss, with either the left ear or right ear more affected. Auditory tests are incredibly useful when it comes to measuring a patient’s hearing threshold and assessing hearing loss. Find out more, and learn about the high quality audiology equipment in our collection, by taking a look around today. Frequently Asked Questions What should I expect during a hearing test? During a hearing test, the audiologist will check your hearing with a series of sounds and words. You’ll wear headphones in a soundproof booth and respond to the stimuli as instructed. The process is quick and painless. Many Australian clinics, such as Connect Hearing, offer free hearing assessments for new clients. How long does a hearing test take? A full hearing test usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the types of tests conducted. Most major Australian hearing centres like Australian Hearing offer appointments that fit into this timeframe. Does a hearing test hurt? No, hearing tests are painless. You’ll simply be asked to respond to sounds or speech, and in some cases, have small devices placed on or around your ears. How often should I get a hearing test? For adults, it’s recommended to have your hearing tested every few years if you notice any changes, or at least once a year if you are over 60 or work in a noisy environment. Australian guidelines also recommend more frequent tests for those in high-risk occupations such as construction or aviation. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
August 29, 2024
Steven Cumper
The History of the AED: From Invention to Lifesaving Device
The number of public places one can find an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) in Australia (and the developed world) rises every year. These lifesaving devices are now increasingly found in fitness centers, office spaces, airports, shopping malls, and even in the waiting areas of hospitals, making early defibrillation accessible to the public. Barring a few key differences, what used to exist only as a defibrillator is now an overwhelmingly automated version, capable of delivering electric shocks to restore normal heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest. There are so many AEDs in the world today, the question everyone should be able to answer is, where is the nearest one? For medical professionals and first responders trained in resuscitation techniques, using manual defibrillation with electrode pads might be preferable due to the ability to customize treatment. However, the widespread availability of modern AEDs allows even untrained bystanders to perform potentially lifesaving interventions, significantly increasing the chance of survival during a cardiac emergency. The AED addresses a modern public health challenge. While people no longer die from infectious diseases at the rates they once did, we are living longer, which means we are more susceptible to conditions like ventricular fibrillation—a treatable misfire in the body’s electrical system. The good news is, in today's world, even someone with zero experience can save another's life with an AED, correcting a shockable rhythm and contributing to the chain of survival. The AED is one of the most important medical devices of the last century, empowering everyday people to perform lifesaving actions. We have yet to see the full scope of possibilities from this transformative technology. It started with some pretty crude devices… First Electricity Leading up to the first electrical medical devices for the heart was the discovery or if you prefer the word harnessing... of electricity in the 18th century. For most of Humanity’s history leading up the 20th century, the medical role for electricity was to determine if someone had died. A quick zap to the tissue would wake someone who'd passed out. A dead patient would stay dead. In Europe and Russia, researchers in the 1890s started playing with electricity to revive animals. A pair of physiologists from the University of Geneva, Jean-Louis Prévost and Frederic Batelli began this work with undetermined success. Others followed their work, but none of that research resulted in a successful case of chest defibrillation in a human being. Then, in the 1930s, a new York cardiologist, Albert S. Hyman with his brother Charles, created the first artificial pacemaker. It wasn’t a defibrillator as such, but this was our first foray into applying electricity to the heart to keep it going. Prior to this, doctors might attempt to massage a heart on the operating table to stop a case fibrillation, but results varied. (That's code for it didn't work very well.) First Defibrillator Those varied results were the experience of another cardiac surgeon, Claude Beck, who worked at the University Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Sometimes he could massage a heart to defibrillate, but usually, fibrillation meant the surgery was over. Beck first applied current to the hearts of animals whom he’d placed into ventricular fibrillation, attempting to defibrillate them. He was not done with this research when presented with a case in 1947. During a surgery on a 14-year-old boy, the patient’s heart stopped. Beck had his assistants retrieve his experimental equipment from his basement, a crude defibrillator, and transistor. The paddles of Beck’s system were modified spoons with wooden handles to shield him from the shock. They plugged in the transistor and Beck applied the first shock. It did not work, but the second shock was a success. This marked the first successful closed-chest defibrillation in a human, a breakthrough that gained national attention. Beck’s crude defibrillator was a significant milestone in the history of AEDs, inspiring others to continue research and development in this field. Portable Defibrillator The work of Beck inspired others to further his findings. In 1950 Paul M. Zoll (the same Zoll, which is now a household name in AED technology) developed an external pacemaker, designed to stimulate the heart without opening up a patient’s chest. Zoll's 150-volt system required a medical professional to apply two one-inch diameter metal discs covered in electrode jelly on the right and left sides of the chest. They stayed in place via a rubber strap. By 1952, Zoll published papers on the success of his resuscitation work with patients suffering from heart block and asystole conditions. It wasn’t perfect though. Patients suffered burns and pain after treatment, but it was better than suffering death. Zoll’s pacemaker may have been crude, but it was something, and it was portable. It just needed a little work to evolve into a modern AED. Automated External Defibrillation A man from Northern Ireland, Professor James Francis "Frank" Pantridge, who also happened to be a cardiologist, took Zoll’s idea to the next level. As a side note, he also happened to be the same person who, with his colleague, Dr. John Geddes, outlined the first standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). On top of that, he introduced the first Mobile Coronary Care Unit (MCCU), which was an early ambulance equipped with portable defibrillators and trained medics aimed at providing care en route to the hospital. In 1965, Pantridge added a 70-kilo defibrillator to the ambulance, run on car batteries. Again, crude, but it worked. By 1968, he’d refined that technology in a three-kilo device, made possible by borrowing NASA technology; a mini-capacitor. It would take decades for defibrillators to become standard in ambulances around the world, but today most ambulances have both a standard defibrillator and an AED. Today we are at the cusp of incorporating our best drone technologies with our lightest portable AEDs. Researchers in different parts of the world are testing different versions of this system. The key for moving the needle on saving lives will likely include some sort of machine learning (artificial intelligence) where drones can recognise the symptoms of an arrest before the prospective patient’s symptoms become critical. If a drone knew before the patient knew, we could see a huge shift in the success rate of treating heart attacks. When it happens, you can be sure Medshop will be there, continuing its commitment to providing essential first aid and heart-aid solutions. For those interested in learning more about how Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) work and how to use them effectively, Medshop offers a comprehensive guide that covers everything from the basic principles of defibrillation to step-by-step instructions for operating an AED during an emergency. This resource is invaluable for both medical professionals and the general public, helping to demystify the process of first aid and early defibrillation. You can access this guide and enhance your AED training by visiting What is a Defibrillator? How AEDs Work and How to Use Them. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
August 30, 2024
Steven Cumper
What Is TENS Therapy? Benefits, Uses & How It Works
TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, is a method of pain relief that utilizes a mild electrical current. Commonly used to treat chronic conditions like lower back pain, fibromyalgia, and osteoarthritis, as well as more acute conditions, TENS therapy helps patients manage mild to severe discomfort more effectively. In addition to pain management, TENS therapy is also utilized to reduce muscle spasms—such as those caused by sports injuries—and to assist women in coping with labor during childbirth. I have seen its effectiveness in osteopathic practice, where it significantly reduces discomfort and enhances the quality of life for patients with persistent pain. Due to its versatility, TENS therapy is widely used across the healthcare industry. From physiotherapy to geriatrics, maternity to oncology, TENS therapy helps reduce pain levels for a broad range of patients. So, what exactly is TENS therapy, and could it benefit you? Keep reading to find out. What Is the Purpose of TENS Therapy? The purpose of TENS therapy is to relieve acute and chronic pain and to ease the discomfort of muscle spasms. When the TENS unit is attached and switched on, it sends small electrical impulses to the affected areas of the body. Patients generally feel these impulses as a mild tingling sensation. Benefits of TENS Therapy TENS therapy offers numerous benefits, making it a valuable tool in pain management and overall health: Non-invasive Pain Relief: TENS therapy provides an effective, non-invasive alternative to pain medications. It can be used at home, making it convenient for ongoing pain management. Versatility: TENS therapy can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, from chronic issues like osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia to acute injuries such as sprains and sports-related muscle strains. Labour Pain Management: It is particularly beneficial for pregnant women, offering a natural pain relief option during labor, allowing them to manage contractions without medication. Post-Surgical Recovery: TENS therapy can aid in reducing post-operative pain and speeding up recovery by promoting circulation and reducing muscle stiffness. Reduced Dependency on Medication: For patients seeking to decrease their reliance on painkillers, TENS therapy can offer a viable alternative, helping to manage pain without the side effects associated with long-term medication use. Enhanced Physical Therapy Outcomes: TENS therapy can be an adjunct in physical rehabilitation, helping to relieve pain and improve mobility, which can expedite recovery times. Improved Quality of Life: By effectively managing pain, TENS therapy can enhance overall well-being, allowing individuals to engage more fully in daily activities without the hindrance of chronic pain. How Does TENS Therapy Work? A TENS machine is a battery-operated device that delivers electrical impulses to the skin via electrodes. These electrodes are positioned at or near the nerves where the pain is located. There are two main theories about how TENS treatment relieves pain. One is that the electrical stimulation causes the nerves to block the transmission of pain signals. This essentially modifies the patient’s perception of pain, making it easier to cope with. The other theory is that the electrical pulses delivered by the TENS device help to raise the level of endorphins in the body. These hormones are the body’s natural painkillers. The more endorphins there are in the patient’s system, the easier it will be for them to cope with chronic and acute pain. What Are the Disadvantages of TENS Therapy? While TENS therapy offers many benefits, it’s important to be aware of some potential disadvantages: Discomfort: Some patients may feel mild discomfort in the form of a tingling or prickling sensation during electrotherapy. In my experience, this can usually be managed by adjusting the settings on the device. Skin Irritation: Some individuals may experience skin irritation or redness from the electrode pads, particularly if they have sensitive skin. Switching to hypoallergenic pads often alleviates this issue. Tolerance Development: Over time, some patients may develop a tolerance to the low-voltage electrical impulses, which can reduce the effectiveness of pain relief. This makes TENS therapy more suitable for short-term use or as part of a broader pain management strategy. What Kind of Pain Does a TENS Unit Help? TENS therapy is used to treat both musculoskeletal pain and a number of painful conditions including: Osteoarthritis Neck pain Fibromyalgia Tendinitis Bursitis Labour pain Period pain Sports pain Low back pain Chronic pelvic pain Spinal cord pain Diabetes-related neuropathy Peripheral artery disease Neuropathic pain However, it’s important to note that TENS therapy may not be suitable for everyone. For instance, if you have a pacemaker, another type of electrical or metal implant in your body, or suffer from epilepsy or an overactive bladder, TENS therapy may not be appropriate. It’s also not recommended during early pregnancy, so avoid the treatment if you suspect you might be pregnant. When used for cancer-related pain, it is crucial to avoid placing TENS electrodes over areas with known or suspected tumors. Does a TENS Unit Promote Healing? As well as easing various types of pain, TENS therapy can help to promote healing. Some studies suggest that the high-frequency electrical pulses used in TENS therapy can help to stimulate blood flow and therefore promote the healing of various types of wounds. TENS therapy can also help to reduce stiffness and stabilise weakened joints. This can help people undergoing physical therapy to improve faster and regain a wider range of movement. What Is the Difference Between TENS and EMS? The main difference between TENS and EMS (electrical muscle stimulation) is that, while TENS is used exclusively to relieve pain, EMS machines stimulate the muscles in order to strengthen and rehabilitate them. EMS therapy also promotes the release of endorphins and so can be used by a physiotherapist to help patients cope with pain – such as chronic low-back pain – as well as muscle issues. How Often Should a TENS Unit be Used? Patients can use a TENS unit for 30-60 minutes up to four times per day. However, as mentioned earlier, prolonged use may lead to diminishing results. If you're unsure about the duration or frequency of use, consulting with a healthcare professional is advised. What Is the Best Time to Use a TENS Unit? Studies have shown that TENS therapy machines provide the most benefit if used when patients are active. If electrodes are placed on the painful area when the patient is resting, sitting or lying down, they’re likely to see less significant results. Again, a doctor or physical therapist will be able to advise you on optimum electrode placement and the best times to use your TENS therapy machine. An innovative and effective way of easing chronic pain and muscle contractions, TENS works to heal wounds and promote the release of endorphins. To find out more, and to learn about our range of TENS machines and accessories, explore our collection or get in touch with a member of our team. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
August 20, 2024
Steven Cumper
Laryngoscopy Explained
A lot of medical terms can sound scary and confusing at first. As someone who has spent years in the healthcare industry, I’ve learned that understanding what’s involved in various examinations and tests can help to demystify the process and allow you to prepare properly for your procedure. One such examination is the laryngoscopy, a procedure that’s essential for assessing issues within the throat and voice box. A laryngoscopy is a type of examination that’s focused specifically on your voice box, or larynx. The larynx is positioned between your throat and your windpipe. During the procedure, a laryngoscope is gently inserted into the larynx to allow clinicians a closer look at the vocal cords and area around the larynx. Although it’s a very common otolaryngology procedure, you may still feel concerned if you’ve been advised to undergo a laryngoscopy. To help put your mind at ease and help you understand what to expect, I’m sharing my experience and taking an in-depth look at laryngoscopies and the various products that can assist with these procedures, such as the flexible laryngoscope options available at Medshop Australia. The Larynx Explained The larynx (voice box) is a small but vital part of your respiratory system. Sitting between your trachea (airway) and your throat, it contains your vocal cords, also known as your vocal folds. It’s your vocal cords that allow you to speak and sing. Any damage to this area could affect your ability to communicate. Just at the top of your larynx you’ll find the epiglottis. The epiglottis is a small flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat. It’s usually open and upright to allow air to pass into your larynx and windpipe. However, when you eat or drink, the epiglottis folds backwards to cover the entrance to the larynx so that food and water don’t get into your airway. Types of Laryngoscopy There are three main types of laryngoscopy. These are: direct, indirect and fibreoptic. The procedure used will depend on your symptoms and on your doctor’s initial diagnoses. An indirect laryngoscopy is a quick and simple procedure that can be carried out in a doctor’s office. During an indirect laryngoscopy, a small mirror is placed at the back of the throat and a light is shone into the patient’s mouth. This allows the doctor to examine the larynx, vocal cords, and hypopharynx. Though non-invasive, this technique can cause gagging and so is not commonly used with children as they find it difficult to tolerate. A fibreoptic laryngoscopy, also known as a flexible laryngoscopy, is used when doctors need to see more deeply into the throat. During a fibreoptic laryngoscopy, a cable is inserted into the nose and then down into the throat. This cable has a small telescope or video camera at its end, allowing doctors to closely examine all parts of the larynx. During a direct laryngoscopy, your doctor will use a laryngoscope blade to push down your tongue and lift your epiglottis. This allows direct access to the larynx and is most commonly used when doctors need to take a tissue sample or perform intubation to assist with breathing during general anesthesia. This type of laryngoscopy is often carried out in an operating room under general anesthesia by a specialist otolaryngologist. Reasons You May Need a Laryngoscopy There are a number of reasons why your doctor may want to perform a laryngoscopy. One of the most common reasons for a laryngoscopy is a persistent sore throat. A laryngoscopy will allow your doctor to take a closer look at the affected area to see if they can spot the underlying issue. Other reasons for a laryngoscopy include: A cough that won’t go away Hoarseness Bad breath A foreign object stuck in the throat Difficulty breathing Trouble swallowing A persistent earache Surgical procedures such as the removal of a growth, or tissue biopsy Voice problems Ongoing throat pain Laryngitis How to Prepare for a Laryngoscopy If your doctor has recommended a laryngoscopy, the first thing you’ll need to do is determine which type of procedure will be performed. If you’re undergoing an indirect laryngoscopy, you won’t need much preparation. Your doctor will use a mirror and light to perform a short examination of the larynx and surrounding area. For a fiberoptic laryngoscopy, your healthcare provider may give you numbing medicine to make you more comfortable during the procedure. Numbing the area can make it easier for the doctor to pass the scope into your windpipe and reduce gagging. A direct laryngoscopy requires more preparation. If you’re having general anesthesia, you may need to fast before the procedure and avoid certain medications. You may feel lightheaded afterward, especially if you’ve undergone general anesthesia, so be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home. If the laryngoscopy was performed to take biopsies of suspicious tumors or growths, expect a follow-up appointment in the coming days or weeks. This is essential for evaluating the tissue sample and determining the best course of action. Tools for Laryngoscopy Laryngoscopes are a critical instrument in these procedures. From fiberoptic laryngoscopes to laryngoscope blades, these tools have evolved significantly in recent years. Products such as the Heine Fiber Optic Laryngoscope Set offer superior visibility and durability, allowing healthcare providers to perform even the most complex procedures with confidence. Final Thoughts Just like an endoscopy, a laryngoscopy allows doctors to see deep inside your body without major surgery. This makes it possible for medical professionals to diagnose and treat a wide range of issues, from tumors to foreign body obstructions, quickly and efficiently. If you have been advised to undergo a laryngoscopy, trust in the knowledge that these procedures are routine and highly effective. For medical advice, or to learn more about laryngoscopes and other tools used in these procedures, you can explore our range of fiberoptic and flexible laryngoscopes at Medshop Australia. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
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