Steven Cumper
Steven John Cumper, B.App.Sc. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong background in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine. He founded Medshop while studying at RMIT University in Australia, expanding its reach to markets in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Malaysia. In September 2021, the Bunzl Group acquired a majority stake in Medshop, but Cumper remains involved as the Managing Director (Medshop Group). His journey from Zimbabwe to the UK and Australia reflects his dedication to academia and entrepreneurship, combining diverse knowledge and experience.
Latest Articles
November 19, 2024
Steven Cumper
From Home to Hospital: A Guide to Different Types of Defibrillators
Defibrillators have become a public health necessity for supporting people who experience SCAs, or sudden cardiac arrests, across Australia. In fact, there are more than 20,000 SCAs that take place out of the hospital every year, cross-country. Using the right type of defibrillator effectively could save someone’s life within minutes. But what are the different types of defibrillators, and what are they used for? In this guide, we explore the four main types, and what scenarios you might expect to use them in. Types of Defibrillators Defibrillators vary in terms of functionality and usability. The main four available to the public and businesses that install them include: Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) Manual Defibrillators Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators (WCDs) In many cases, you’ll come across the standard AED first – but let’s explore what each of the alternatives do, and why it’s worth keeping their functionality in mind. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Description AEDs are commonly found in public buildings and spaces across Australia. They have computers built-in that trace heart rhythms and guide users on when to deliver electric shocks to a patient. They can detect specific types of cardiac issues, too, such as ventricular fibrillation. They’re some of the easiest to use – you don’t need any formal training to know how to use AEDs. Common Usage Scenarios You’d typically use an AED to support SCA patients within minutes of them experiencing a lack of breath or responsiveness. Many of the customers we supply to advise that AEDs have helped them ensure patients are responsive ahead of first responders arriving on the scene. AED defibrillators are usually found in spaces such as hotels, public offices, and even schools. It’s safe to use AEDs on children, but you will need to use specific AED pads. Manual Defibrillator Description Manual defibrillators don’t have computers and instead use rudimentary electric shock paddles. They’re typically used by medical professionals who are trained to time precisely when shocks are required. They don’t pick up heartbeats, but professionals can easily use them to customise how big a shock patients receive. Common Usage Scenarios You’ll usually find manual defibrillators are used within medical facilities and hospitals, where professionals can access them and tailor the specific level of shock needed for different patients. They’re also usually attached to ECG or electrocardiogram devices. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Description ICDs are very similar to pacemakers in that they’re surgically installed in patients at high risk of SCAs. Like many AEDs, these devices can scan for irregular heart patterns and will deliver shocks if the wearer suffers what’s assumed to be a cardiac event. They are smart devices that can determine how much of a shock the patient receives. Some of the latest versions of ICDs also work as pacemakers, as determined by doctors or surgeons who install the devices into their patients. Common Usage Scenarios ICDs are usually ideal for people who have regular heart problems or experience irregular rhythms. It’s much like having an AED inside your person at all times, ready to react when a suspected SCA is in progress. This means that certain people are always protected against potential SCA events, meaning there’s no need to worry about finding AEDs at short notice. Some of the nurses we’ve worked with over the years really sing the praises of these devices – stating they help to save many lives. Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) Description A WCD is much like an ICD, only it’s wearable outside of the body, not under the skin! WCDs pick up on heart irregularities and, like ICDs, deliver specific shocks tailored to the user's heartbeat. These automated devices remove the need for AEDs in public, and are easy to set up and remove wherever needed. Common Usage Scenarios WCDs are, again, like ICDs, typically reserved for people at high risk from heart disease and cardiac events. They are usually offered as temporary measures – for example, to support people awaiting heart surgery or transplants. They can be fantastic support for people with heart problems who want to enjoy exercise without worrying about the effects on their hearts. Interestingly, someone who wears a WCD will survive an SCA nine times out of ten! Comparison of Defibrillator Types Now that you know the main differences between the four types of defibrillators, let’s summarize a few key points briefly. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Manual Defibrillator Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) Description A computer-driven device that guides users A device that requires timing and precision to deliver shocks A device surgically installed for people at risk of SCA A removable device suitable for people at risk of SCA Key features Heart monitor, automated shocks, user guide ECG connectivity, customisable shocks Automated SCA detection and shocks Customisable shocks and SCA monitoring, removable hardware Commonly used for… Members of the public experiencing SCAs out of hospital People in hospital or in ambulances receiving professional care People who are at risk of heart failure and arrhythmia People who are at risk of heart failure and arrhythmia – who might be awaiting surgery Training required No formal training needed General medical training As directed by healthcare providers As directed by healthcare providers Cost range $1,500 - $4,000 N/A (provided by hospital) Procedures could cost $40,000 - $50,000 N/A (provided by hospital) Average lifespan Around 10-15 years (units only - batteries last up to seven years, pads between 2-5 years) No average Around 1-7 years, depending on the unit fitted Varies (typically used for up to 90 days max on average) Conclusion Knowing which defibrillators to use could help you save more lives than you expect! The bottom line is that the best defibrillators for home are AEDs, simply because they require no training and guide users on what to do. However, some patients will benefit from WCDs, which are wearable. Whether you’re a medical professional or a public building owner, always think carefully about the needs of those you come into contact with!
November 13, 2024
Steven Cumper
Considerations for AED Use on Children
It’s estimated that around three in every 100,000 children have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests every year. That’s based on figures from Metropolitan Melbourne alone – and this data shows we should all be taking child and AED (Automated External Defibrillator) safety extremely seriously. In this guide, we will explore: When you should use an AED on a child patient How to use an AED on children safely and effectively What to look for when purchasing an AED When Should an AED be used on children? You should use an AED on children who are experiencing sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). A child experiencing SCA will usually: Stop breathing or gasp sharply Suddenly lose consciousness Lose heartbeat and pulse It’s important to remember that SCA can occur in children of all ages, even in those who have no underlying conditions and who are otherwise healthy. It is safe for you to use AED defibrillators on children who are younger than eight years old. Specifically, children younger than eight will benefit from child AED pads designed to fit their smaller bodies. Many children older than eight will require adult pads. Once an SCA is detected, acting fast with an AED is vital. The nurses and first responders we’ve worked with over the years advise that every second counts. How to Use an AED on a Child or Infant? Unless you are with an emergency response team, always make sure to contact emergency services right away if there is any sign of a child experiencing SCA. Stay on the line with your responder for guidance and advice. While you will be instructed on how to help a child experiencing SCA, here are the steps our customers and clients recommend following. Check Responsiveness Quickly check whether the child is breathing normally or responsive to touch and speech. Check their pulse via their neck or wrists. If the child is unresponsive, you must begin CPR before using an AED. Begin CPR It’s crucial to start CPR as soon as you detect a child is unresponsive – effective practice can help to improve the child’s chance of survival, and can also improve the effectiveness of an AED if needed. For young children, you must place two fingers on the chest centre and start compressing at 100 beats per minute (BPM), up to 120 BPM if necessary. Doing so helps the child’s blood to circulate. Children generally need two-inch compression, whereas infants need around 1.5. Ideally, after every 30 compressions, you should attempt to give two rescue breaths. Tilt the child’s head back and cover their mouth or nose with your mouth, then give a gentle blow. You will need to watch if their chest rises. In some cases, an AED will guide you through how to effectively deliver CPR to a child. Get the AED After immediate CPR, obtain the AED (if you haven’t already). Ideally, if there are more than one of you, have one adult apply CPR while the other gets the AED to hand. In a public place, you will normally find an AED in a specific location. It’s important to memorise where these are if you can, just in case you need them in an emergency. Apply Paediatric Pads Make sure the area is safe from any intrusion and expose the patient’s chest, ensuring it is clean and dry, ready for paediatric defibrillator pads to be placed. You should also remove any patches for medication or other needs. Where you place the pads depends usually on the age and size of the child. For very young children (i.e., younger than one year of age), place the first pad on the upper left of their chest. Then, place the other on their back. For older children, carefully place the first pad toward the upper right of the child’s chest and the second to the lower left, just below the armpit. That said, it’s usually recommended that you follow the anteroposterior method for placing AED pads on children, meaning there’s one on their back and one on their chest. This is because it can be dangerous to allow pads to cross. Follow AED Prompts Now, attach and switch on the AED and follow its guidelines. Most have visual or audio prompts that guide you through how to deliver shocks to the patient. Be sure to switch your AED to paediatric or child mode if it has one. Always make sure there is plenty of space around you and let the AED trace the child’s heartbeat. Follow the steps suggested, and if the AED recommends resuming CPR, do so. Monitor the Child If the child regains consciousness or starts breathing (erratically or otherwise), continue to monitor them and follow advice from first responders (or, continue CPR if appropriate). If there is still no response from the child, continue the cycle until emergency services arrive, or until instructed by emergency support. What Precautions Should be Taken When Using AEDs on Children? You should always make sure that the area is clear around a child before using AEDs. Always ensure there is no likelihood of you being interrupted or that public traffic is unlikely to collide. Do always be ready to perform CPR before using AEDs – you could save a life without needing the equipment. Make sure you adhere AED pads correctly to the child’s body. Crossing pads on their chest, for example, could be dangerous. Do not hesitate to use an AED on a child. The Australian Heart Foundation states that 50% of people of all ages stand to survive SCAs with AED support. Without this equipment, this falls to 27%. Always call emergency services for help if you need direction for CPR and using AEDs. What Should I Consider When Purchasing an AED? When looking for AED defibrillators, choose devices that are: Easy to install and store where they can be accessed Manufactured by a leading brand or firm Packaged with pads and other safety equipment Sold by a reputable medical retailer The nurses and responders we’ve worked with over the years tell us that the best defibrillators for home (and public spaces) are those that come with clear instructions and are easy for anyone to access. You shouldn’t ever prioritise cheap equipment when it comes to saving lives. Look for a device that suits you and your public’s needs. FAQ Can You Use Adult AED Pads on Children? Yes, you can use adult AED pads on children who are over 55 pounds or older than eight years of age. However, we recommend you place one on their chest and another on their back so they don’t cross over. How Common is Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) in Children? SCA can affect up to three children in every 100,000 every year. In some areas, it can claim the lives of thousands of children annually – meaning it’s always important to have AEDs and pads available in public spaces. What are the Differences Between Paediatric AED pads and Adult Pads? Child AED pads are smaller than adult pads so they don’t cross over – and they also deliver less electrical energy. That’s because children typically need less energy than adults when AEDs are in use.
November 07, 2024
Steven Cumper
Proper AED Pad Placement: For Adults and Children
An automated external defibrillator, or AED, is a vital resuscitation device that offers life-saving care. But, did you know that AED pad placement is vital for ensuring that a victim’s heart gets the support it needs? In this guide, we will take you through what you need to know about AED use and placement on people of all ages. We'll also show you can safely use adult pads and pediatric pads to support a sudden cardiac arrest victim – useful advice for first responders, civilian rescuers, and EMS. AED Pad Placement Typically, you place AED electrode pads on the bare chest of someone who appears to be suffering from a cardiac arrest. An AED machine will scan heart rhythm and fibrillation and ascertain whether or not you need to deliver an electric shock to help the organ regain a healthy beat. Without proper AED pad placement, you cannot deliver appropriate first aid through chest compressions – and every second counts. A successful defibrillation depends just as much on where you place the equipment as it does on how you use it. Before attempting defibrillator pad placement on your own, check our following advice. Pad Placement for Adults Firstly, keep in mind that perfect placement may vary depending on your AED provider, so always check your manual or guide provided. The American Heart Association generally recommends following either an anterior-lateral or anterior-posterior placement when using AED pads. The advice is no different for an elderly man or a pregnant woman! Here’s what each placement involves: Anterior-lateral placement: Place one AED pad on the upper right side of the chest or torso, just above the nipple and under the collarbone. The other pad should be placed on the lower left side of the chest, under a woman’s breast or a man’s pectoral muscle. Anterior-posterior placement: Place the first pad on the front of the body between the left nipple of a man or under the left breast of a woman, and the chest’s midline. You should then place the other pad on the patient’s back, to the left of their spine, around level with the heart. Remember, you can still place AED pads on patients with pacemakers – who are most likely to experience an SCA episode. Pad Placement for Children and Infants The way to effectively place AED pads on children and infants is slightly different. This is largely because younger people need less of an AED shock due to their higher energy levels. To start, you must use specific pediatric pads designed for use with children. According to AED guidelines, a child is someone who is less than 55 lbs in weight or younger than eight years old. Typically, the AHA suggests placing AED pads through the front-back or anteroposterior positioning mentioned above. One should go on the chest wall, or front of the chest, and the other should go on their back. This is largely because, with smaller bodies, there's more of a risk of you overlapping pads on the front of a child's chest. Many of our clients recommend following the anteroposterior method just to be careful regardless of a child's age – after all, there's often no way to weigh them during an SCA! You should place the front pad on a child’s cardiac apex, just between their left nipple and the midline. The posterior pad, meanwhile, should go roughly between the shoulder blades and parallel to the heart. Pads used to defibrillate a child should ideally be as large as you can find while still offering a gap of around 3 cm. If you're worried about where to place AED pads safely and effectively, most providers have graphics that show you exactly where you should position them. Preparing the Patient for AED Use As mentioned, every second counts when it comes to supporting cardiac victims. Here are some quick preparation steps our customers have shared with us to help you use a defib machine effectively. Exposing the Chest Always make sure that a patient’s chest is fully exposed before placing pads. They need to apply to bare skin so that there is no resistance with the current supplied by the AED. That can mean shaving away chest hair and removing jewellery, nipple piercings, and necklaces, for example. Assessing the Patient's Condition Always check if a patient is breathing normally and has a regular pulse. If either are irregular, you can use an AED – but if they are not breathing or have no pulse, you should call emergency services as soon as possible and begin CPR. Cleaning and Drying the Skin If your patient has any dirt, debris, fluid, or water otherwise on their chest that could impede the AED pads, make sure to clean them carefully and to dry the skin fully. You need to make sure that the pads adhere fully to your patient’s bare skin. Be Prepared to Do CPR Remember, you may still need to do CPR if your AED still advises of irregular heart rhythms after delivering an electrical current. You may need to stop using the shock button, for instance, if you use a semi-auto machine. Follow chest compression rhythms as outlined in basic first aid policy and follow guidelines set out by the AED. Summary of Best Practices It’s vital to place AED defibrillators directly onto bare skin where electrical shocks can stimulate the heart without interfering with other internal organs. Failure to do so could result in slower recovery, or worse, even death. Remember, the best AED kits and providers ensure you have plenty of guidance when it comes to positioning pads on adult and child patients – but it’s always worth keeping the above advice in mind. Remember, the chance of survival from a cardiac arrest increases by up to 70% when using AEDs effectively! FAQ Can I Reuse AED Pads? No, you cannot reuse AED pads, they are for single patient use only. Therefore, you should always have a fresh supply available. Where can I buy new or replacement AED pads? You can buy new and replacement AED pads through specialist medical suppliers online, such as MedShop. Our repeat customers rely on our broad range of pads and AED supplies to ensure their first aid kits are always replete. Can adult AED pads be used on children? It’s inadvisable to use adult AED pads on children who weigh less than 55 pounds, or who are younger than eight years old. The main reason for this is that large pads could overlap on small chests. What should I do if the patient's chest is wet? Make sure to dry the patient’s chest carefully with a clean towel so that AED pads can safely adhere. What should I do if the AED pads overlap on a small chest? Reposition the AED pads so one is on their back, and the other is on the victim’s chest. This is called the anterior-posterior placement, and there are more details in our guide above.
October 24, 2024
Steven Cumper
Defibrillator Requirements and Regulations in Australia
In the event of a cardiac arrest, a defibrillator or AED is an essential piece of medical equipment that can save a life with an electric shock. Many of the doctors and nurses we’ve supported over the years have sworn by AEDs to help bring people back from the brink of fatal episodes – however, they need to be used safely and appropriately.
September 16, 2024
Steven Cumper
The Best Penlights for Nurses in Australia
Few non-medical folks in Australia will ever understand the value of the right penlight to a nurse. They’ll argue that smartphones come with flashlights, which is true, but let’s see those people fish out their precious smartphones with a germ- and latex-covered hand during a busy shift. Oh, and good luck getting that sensor to register a fingerprint or any perception of a human hand through a latex glove. Not to mention, phones are usually tucked away in pockets or lockers, not the convenient breast pocket of your scrubs. In short, using the smartphone light is not an option for nurses and other medical professionals in Australia. A penlight is a must-have. When one needs a light on something, usually pupils, said light can't happen fast enough. Ideally, it's a perfect beam of intensity. Then, ideally, that light must neatly go away in such a way that one can find it again in a moment. That is the magic of the penlight. This is what everyday people will never understand. It's close, convenient, and willing to put up with germs in demanding environments like hospitals and clinics. Until scientists can create a voice-activated beam of light that emanates a perfect beam like magic from thin air, penlights will remain the James Bond gadget of nurses in Australia. Before diving into the list of penlights every nurse in Australia must have, here is a brief review of features for the uninitiated (gift-giving) reader. Nurses, feel free to skip ahead... Note: all prices are valid on the publication date Key Features of Penlights By the name, most would expect penlights to have two main functions: to write and to light. In actuality, the "pen" part of the name refers to the shape of these mini-torches, not their function. They don't generally write—not any in our catalogue at Medshop Australia. Early penlights came with miniature incandescent bulbs, but today’s versions are progressively more often made with LED technology. The features come down to a few simple options: Batteries (Rechargeable or not) Bulb (LED or Incandescent) Materials (Metal or Plastic) Pupil Gauge On/Off Switch Lumens (Brightness Level) Runtime (Battery Life) Pocket Clip (For easy everyday carry) Rechargeable Options (USB rechargeable penlights) For some professionals, the life of a given penlight will be about as long as that of a pen, lost in the chaos of a day or co-opted by a coworker. Others will collect penlights like figurines. This says nothing, however, about the value of a good penlight at the right time. What follows are the best options for the collectors and the misplacers, all available in Australia. Spirit Instrulite Spirit Medical designed their chrome Instrulite intending to supply nurses and other medical professionals with a mini torch that would hopefully last more than a day in the demanding Australian healthcare environment. At $26.4 AUD, it’s definitely not a disposable light. This high-quality penlight offers bright illumination from a cold light, LED, even though the bulb looks like a traditional incandescent. It provides the right level of lumens for precise examination, making it an excellent choice for everyday carry (EDC) in a busy Australian clinic or hospital. Unlike many penlights, the casing for this one is not plastic. It’s brass, coated in chrome, with a pupil gauge emblazoned on the side. The clip both keeps one from losing it and serves as the switch. This also facilitates pulling it out, turning it on, and aiming it in one swift move from a breast pocket. Spirit’s Instrulite comes with two AAA batteries, which can be easily swapped for rechargeable batteries to reduce waste and ensure longevity. It’s a good light for an organized professional who values quality and durability in a medical penlight. Prestige Disposable Taking a huge step down in cost, for $8.16 AUD one can have all the illumination of the Instrulite by Spirit, but in a disposable form factor with the Prestige Medical disposable penlight. Medshop Australia offers 14 color options for this disposable penlight. Unlike the previous light on this list, these cute, colored torches do not come with a pupil gauge on the side unless you order the white one specifically. These are ideal for healthcare facilities in Australia that want to provide penlights that can run their course and then be disposed of. Individuals who run through penlights quickly will appreciate the low cost. The Prestige Disposable is the perfect solution for those who need a functional, affordable light source that they won't worry about misplacing. Not only that, orders come in multiple colors so if you’re the sort of person who likes to change things up every day, life is a rainbow you’re lighting up as you go using Prestige's Disposable Penlight. Welch Allyn Penlight Totally different from the last option, this elegant penlight from Welch Allyn offers a premium penlight in a beautiful form factor. This is not a good option for the sort of medical professional in Australia who misplaces tools often. For $92.57 AUD, most would call losing this lovely tool a “rough day at work.” Housed in a solid brass casing, powder-coated in black, this sturdy penlight offers halogen light technology. That’s the same technology most vehicles use to light up the night, providing a bright, high CRI light for accurate tissue examination. The bright white beam from this torch makes the Welch Allyn Penlight ideal for investigating tissue color as well as pupil dilation. It could also guide you through the dark in a power outage if necessary. With its durable construction and precision lighting, this medical penlight is built to last and deliver high-quality performance for Australian healthcare professionals. Aero Pupil Gauge Disposable Penlight Aero's Pupil Gauge Disposable Penlight is a practical choice for medical professionals in Australia who prioritize both functionality and convenience. Designed to offer precise lighting with its built-in pupil gauge, this penlight is lightweight and easy to carry in your scrub pocket or bag. It’s an ideal option for those in fast-paced environments who require a reliable and disposable medical penlight. Bi-Functional Penlight Available from Medshop Australia in 7 colors, the Bi-Functional Penlight from Spirit offers a lightweight, sturdy design with a unique power button. Unlike most of the penlights in this blog, the clip on this torch is the switch, but it also has an auxiliary control. Like its namesake, the pen, this light toggles on and off for short bursts via a button on the top. That helps the Bi-Functional save battery life, using two AA batteries. The LED bulb helps too, providing bright and consistent lumens for daily use. What most users in Australia will notice about this penlight is how it stows away easily, thanks to its slim design. Non-assuming, it makes an ideal penlight for most medical professionals who need a reliable tool for their EDC gear. It also features a pocket clip for added convenience, allowing for quick access when needed during a shift. Choosing the Right Penlight for You When choosing a penlight in Australia, think about how you'll be using it. Do you need something disposable and low-cost, or are you looking for a more durable, high-end option? Consider factors like brightness (lumens), battery life (runtime), whether it's rechargeable, and how comfortable it is for everyday carry. No matter your preference, having the right penlight can make all the difference in your day. So, why not start a little collection? Keep a few different types on hand so you're prepared for whatever comes your way. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 09, 2024
Steven Cumper
How To Stop Incontinence: Solutions You Can Live With
On average, one in ten Australians suffers from urinary incontinence in some form. That’s around 2.4 million Australians using the best data we have. If you're a woman, the chances of you suffering multiply by almost four; 37 percent of Australian women suffer, according to the same data. Considering 70 percent of those who suffer do not report symptoms, it’s impossible to know exactly how many Australians suffer, but you can assume the number goes up, not down. Urinary incontinence in women is a common yet underreported condition. Not alone? It may be a private matter, but there are millions suffering from the same emotions. While the matter might seem worthy of snickering to someone not in the thick of the problem, it’s hardly funny to anyone who suffers. If the title of this blog drew your attention, it’s likely you suffer yourself or know others who do. You know firsthand how troubling this can be. There is a silver lining to these turbid clouds. Incontinence symptoms can be embarrassing, but it’s not a death sentence. There are worse diagnoses. Also, there are long-term solutions available, some of which don’t require surgery. But, to treat it, you have to first know what sort of incontinence ails you. That likely means going to a healthcare provider, reason enough for many to hide and ignore the problem. If by the end of this blog you believe your symptoms could improve from a visit to the doctor, we strongly encourage you to seek professional help. What is FUNCTIONAL incontinence? The term functional in this context is almost a misnomer, insomuch that the sufferer may struggle with one of many reasons for not making it to the toilet in time. Challenges creating functional incontinence could be as simple as diminished eyesight or as complicated as dementia. For some reason, medical or physical, the sufferer simply cannot bridge the urge with the action of going to the toilet. Functional incontinence, therefore, can affect people of any age. To make sense of the term, there is a functional reason, albeit one that causes dysfunction, preventing the person from getting there on time. As such, treatment may be a matter of treating the related ailment. In the case of poor eyesight, corrective lenses or eye surgery could put an end to two challenges at one time. If you were to turn this challenge on its head, the incontinence becomes a mixed blessing for these patients, pushing them to address a condition they might have otherwise ignored. In the other example mentioned, dementia, the solutions might not be as easy, but there ARE solutions for improving dementia's reach. Meanwhile, one can use a simple solution like absorbent briefs, which fit about the same as normal undergarments but protect from accidents. In the case of children who suffer, providing them with this kind of insurance is the humane thing to do, especially since they fit so well. What is OVERFLOW incontinence? Those who suffer from overflow incontinence never fully empty their bladders. For one of several potential reasons, they have a restricted urethra or they lack the muscle strength to expel the urine completely. In the case of a man who has prostate cancer, the first time he learns of his overflow incontinence might be the same time he learns of his prostate cancer. Although scary in name, prostate cancer is often treatable, which makes the accompanying overflow incontinence also treatable. In the case where one suffers this version of incontinence due to the side effects of medication, the solution is obvious. A switch or cessation of the medicine will stop the urine leakage. If that is not an option, adult incontinence briefs are a solution. Just like the briefs mentioned above for kids, they wear like regular undergarments but with a layer of protection. What causes STRESS incontinence? Quite common amongst those who suffer is stress urinary incontinence. What can cause the discharge is simple actions like coughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy objects. As such, stress, in this case, is not the sort of stress one feels from pressure at work. This is short bursts of physical stress, striking the sufferer unawares. A result of pelvic floor movement, it can even be connected to something as simple as laughter. Treatment, as such, is a little more challenging. If the discharge is minimal, you may decide to ignore it for now, but this discharge can escalate over time. The solution is usually a matter of strengthening the right muscles, the pelvic floor muscles yes, but also the urinary sphincter. Treatment may involve pelvic floor muscle exercises (also known as Kegel exercises), even for men. In some cases, your doctor may suggest surgery as a solution, such as a sling procedure. Meanwhile, stress incontinence doesn’t mean one has to surrender feeling alluring. What is URGE incontinence? Not to be confused with stress incontinence, urge incontinence is a failure of the bladder muscles to stop urine flow from an overactive bladder. Unprovoked by bursts of physical stress, the afflicted suffer sudden sensations of needing to urinate. Time and place do not factor in. Once it hits, there is no stopping the eventual leaking urine. Causes can vary but often stem from other physical limitations, infections, disease, such as urinary tract infection, or spinal cord damage. In less severe cases, it’s a matter of bladder irritation. Solutions may include bladder training, Botox injections, or nerve stimulation to manage the condition. In some cases, your doctor may recommend medications or even surgery, depending on the severity. Should I worry about incontinence when running? Any of the mentioned versions of incontinence can affect one during physical activity like running. This can be not only embarrassing but distracting and irritating. Maintaining one’s general health need not take a backseat to something as manageable as incontinence. For athletes, managing symptoms may include wearing absorbent undergarments or focusing on pelvic floor muscle exercises to strengthen control during exertion. How to Stop Incontinence Actually fixing incontinence requires a trip to the doctor. Urodynamic testing can help your urologist or healthcare provider determine the specific cause of your bladder control problems. Lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding acidic foods, and drinking enough fluids are important. Some individuals may also benefit from avoiding diuretics and managing constipation, which can contribute to incontinence symptoms. Treatment options could include the use of bulking agents, a pessary to support the bladder, or in some cases, a catheter to help with bladder emptying. In more severe cases, surgery such as the sling procedure may be necessary, or other treatments like Botox injections and nerve stimulation. These interventions can help restore bladder control for those suffering from chronic incontinence. Bladder diaries are often recommended to help track the amount of urine leakage, voiding patterns, and any triggers that worsen symptoms. If your incontinence is related to menopause, low estrogen levels may also be a factor, and hormone replacement therapies could be considered. Incontinence doesn’t have to be something you announce to the world. It’s a private matter between you and your physician, and that is final. If your condition is something you no longer wish to live with, you’re not alone. Here's that number again: At least 13 percent of the people around you suffer the same problems. At Medshop, we offer a wide range of Abena incontinence products designed to help manage symptoms with comfort and reliability. From absorbent briefs to undergarments and liners, Abena provides high-quality solutions for every level of incontinence, ensuring you can regain control and confidence in your daily life. Explore our selection today to find the best product for your needs. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 06, 2024
Steven Cumper
What is a Vision Screening Test?
A vision screening test is a simplified version of an eye exam that is designed to detect vision problems early on. Usually, if any kind of eye problem is detected, a referral is made to a qualified ophthalmologist or optometrist who will conduct a comprehensive eye examination. Eye care is important at all stages of life; however, vision screening tests are mostly conducted on children, in schools or at GP surgeries, rather than in a specialized eye clinic. This allows early identification of a range of eye disorders that can then be dealt with by qualified health professionals. Here, we explore what’s involved in a vision screening test, what to look out for, and when to see a specialist care professional. Read on to learn more. What do they do in a vision screening? A vision screening test usually consists of three main elements, each of which is used to determine a different area of vision testing. They include: Visual Acuity Testing Visual acuity testing requires both reading ability and cooperation, and so is generally only suitable for older children and adults. The test asks the patient to identify letters and shape on an eye chart from a distance of 20 feet. Covering one eye at a time can help to identify eye problems in wither the left or right eye. Eye and Pupil Inspection This type of test is suitable for all ages, as it requires not cooperation or comprehension skills. Both the shape and colour of the eye are assessed, usually with a pen light. Both pupils should be the same size and react in the same way when the light is shone into them, becoming smaller as the eye reacts to the light. Photoscreening Using a special camera, photo screening identifies eye problems like refractive errors and other ocular abnormalities. Colour Blindness Test This test checks for potential colour blindness, usually in children. The patient is shown a picture of coloured numbers or symbols on a background of multicoloured dots. If the numbers or symbols are invisible, then the patient has a form of colour blindness. What are the normal results of a vision screening? Normal results of a vision screening test are simply presented as no apparent problems; however, since these tests are simple and rudimentary, a patient may still need to see a qualified optometrist or optician later in life for a comprehensive eye examination. What eye diseases are screened for? Vision screening tests differ from more complex eye tests in that they only look for potential symptoms of a range of eye disorders and abnormalities. Some of the most common eye diseases and conditions screened for include: Amblyopia — Poor vision in one eye, sometimes known as “lazy eye”, caused by a problem with how the brain and eye work together. Strabismus — Known as “cross eyes” or “wall eyes”, this condition cause one or both eyes to look in different directions. Astigmatism — Generally blurry vision which makes it difficult to see at night. Myopia (short sighted) — This condition makes seeing at distance difficult and objects appear blurry. Hyperopia (far sighted) — This condition makes seeing close-up diffifcult and object appear blurry, What equipment is used in a vision screening test? A broad range of vision screening equipment is available to help aid the test and generate measurable results. Distance charts, Ishihara Color Blindness Tests, pinhole occluders, and electroretinography can all be used within vision screening. You’ll find a comprehensive range of vision screening equipment at Medshop, with dedicated tools and kits for children too. Explore the range today and ensure your school or clinic has the right equipment to catch vision problems at an early age. Additionally, check out the blog for more information on a broad range of healthcare and medical topics. What Is an Eye Exam? An eye examination is a detailed assessment conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist to check overall eye health. It goes beyond vision testing by evaluating for eye disorders like glaucoma, cataracts, and refractive errors. Regular eye examinations are essential for detecting issues early and preventing vision loss, especially in older adults. Eye Exam Procedure An eye examination involves a series of tests to assess visual acuity, eye alignment, depth perception, and eye health. Health professionals may dilate the eyes to check the retina and optic nerve for signs of eye diseases like glaucoma or cataracts. For individuals who wear contact lenses or are considering eye surgery, comprehensive exams are crucial. Vision Screening for Children A vision screening program is essential for maintaining child health, as early detection of vision issues can prevent long-term complications. In Australia, free vision screening is often available in schools and healthcare settings, enabling early identification of problems such as amblyopia (lazy eye) or strabismus (crossed eyes), ensuring timely intervention by a care professional. Vision Screening vs. Eye Exam While vision screening is a quick method to identify potential issues, it does not replace a full eye examination conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Screenings are usually part of routine health checks for children, but adults should undergo regular, more comprehensive eye exams to detect conditions like glaucoma or cataracts before they lead to vision loss. The Importance of Vision Checks and Eye Exams Regular vision testing and eye exams are critical for maintaining long-term eye health. In Australia, routine checks and vision screening programs in schools help safeguard child health. Adults, particularly those at risk for conditions like glaucoma or cataracts, should have regular eye exams to prevent irreversible vision loss. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 05, 2024
Steven Cumper
The Best Eco Nappies
As any parent or carer will know, babies get through a lot of nappies. The average baby gets through an incredible 4,000 nappies by the time they’re potty trained. The vast majority of these nappies will end up in landfill. And as most aren’t made from biodegradable materials, that’s exactly where they’ll stay. One of the best ways to reduce the environmental impact of a newborn is to use eco-friendly nappies. Made from biodegradable materials, and with a lighter carbon footprint, eco-friendly nappies can help you be that little bit kinder on the environment. To help you find the right sustainable baby nappies for your little one, we’re taking a look at some of the best disposable and reusable nappies around. What is an Eco-Friendly Nappy? Eco nappies, or eco-friendly nappies, are designed to minimize their environmental impact compared to traditional disposable nappies. They often contain natural, biodegradable materials, reduce the use of harmful chemicals, and are produced using sustainable practices. Some eco nappies are partially compostable or biodegradable, which helps reduce waste in landfills. Eco nappies can be divided into two main categories: Biodegradable disposable nappies: Made with plant-based or compostable materials, designed to break down faster than regular nappies. Reusable nappies (cloth nappies): Designed to be washed and reused multiple times, significantly reducing waste. What is the Most Environmentally Friendly Nappy? While no eco-friendly nappies are completely biodegradable, there are a number of options that are virtually carbon neutral. Using these nappies can help you to significantly reduce your carbon footprint. Reusable Nappies If you want to minimise the amount of physical waste you produce, cloth nappies are a good choice. Unlike disposable diapers, reusables can be washed, dried and worn again and again. This means you won’t have to throw a nappy away every time your baby needs a change. Reusable nappies have come a long way in the last few decades and are now specifically to be absorbent, easy to use and kind to your baby’s skin. However, washable nappies generally aren’t as absorbent as disposable options and even premium reusable nappy brands can have problems with leakage. In most cases, parents will need to use extra inserts and change their reusable nappies on a regular basis. Eco-Friendly Disposable Nappies Another eco-friendly option is to invest in biodegradable disposable nappies. Although not compostable, an eco-friendly disposable nappy will break down much faster than standard nappies. A lot of biodegradable nappies are also made from sustainable natural materials like bamboo fibre. This will help to reduce the amount of waste in landfill and minimise the carbon produced during the manufacturing process. What are the Benefits of Eco Nappies? There are several reasons why parents are choosing eco nappies over conventional ones: Reduced landfill waste: Traditional disposable nappies take hundreds of years to decompose. Eco nappies, particularly biodegradable ones, break down faster, reducing their long-term environmental impact. Fewer harmful chemicals: Eco nappies are typically free from chlorine, fragrances, dyes, and other harmful chemicals that can irritate your baby’s skin. Sustainable sourcing: Many eco nappy brands use renewable resources such as bamboo or wood pulp, which are sourced responsibly. Compostability: Some eco nappies are fully or partially compostable, meaning you can dispose of them in a home composting system. Healthier for baby’s skin: Natural materials like bamboo are gentle on sensitive skin and provide better breathability. Which are the Best Biodegradable Nappies? Although a lot of nappies contain biodegradable materials, there is currently no true 100% biodegradable nappy on the market. This is because even sustainable nappies contain some elements that can’t be easily broken down. If sustainable diapers aren’t fully compostable, you might well ask the question are eco-friendly diapers worth it? The answer to this is definitely a resounding yes. Because, while your used nappies might not turn into compost in the blink of an eye, they will degrade a lot faster than standard options. What’s more, the manufacturing processes for nappies made from sustainable materials like corn starch, organic cotton and chlorine-free wood pulp produce a lot less carbon than traditional nappies. This makes the entire process more eco-friendly. 1. Bambo Nature Made in Denmark, the production process for Bambo Nature eco-friendly nappies has sustainability built in from start to finish. The packaging is fully recyclable, while an impressive 95% of the waste from the production facility is recycled and the brand holds both the Nordic Swan Eco Label and the FSC label. Free of phthalates and nasty dyes, the nappies are breathable, flexible, absorbent and dermatologically tested. So if you’re wondering what the best eco-friendly diapers for sensitive skin are, Bambo Eco Nature is a great choice. 2. Kit & Kin The brainchild of Spice Girl Emma Bunton and developer Chris Money, Kit & Kin is one of the most popular eco-friendly disposable nappies around. The nappies are made from a number of sustainable and biodegradable materials including FSC certified wood pulp and bio-based gels. As well as sustainable nappies, Kit & Kin also offers a range of chlorine-free baby wipes and a great choice of nappy rash lotions and biodegradable accessories. 3. Eco by Naty Naty nappies have been available since 1994, making them one of the most established names on the market. Made largely from sustainable, plant-based materials, the nappies don’t contain any nasty chemicals and no oil-based plastics will touch your baby’s skin. Even so, Eco by Naty nappies stay impressively dry, even overnight. 4. Cheeky Panda Cheeky Panda nappies are made from sustainably grown bamboo and other eco-friendly materials. Naturally hypoallergenic and with a wetness indicator built in, Cheeky Panda nappies have the convenience of mainstream brands like Pampers but without the carbon footprint. Their ‘Aqua Lock’ technology means the bamboo nappies have an absorbent core, while added Aloe Vera means Cheeky Panda nappies are great for sensitive skin. 5. Bambino Mio If you don’t want to produce any waste at all, you could opt for reusable instead of disposable nappies. Search ‘what are the best cloth nappies’ and there’s a good chance that Bambino Mio will be right at the top of your results. Bambino Mio offers a great, easy to use option for those who want to go as green as possible. Their Miosolo nappies have an all-in-one system that means the nappies will fit your little one from the time they’re a newborn to when you start potty training. This means that, while the nappies may seem expensive at first, they’re likely to save you a significant amount of money in the long run. What to Consider When Choosing Eco Nappies Before selecting the best eco nappies for your baby, it’s important to consider the following factors: Materials: Look for nappies made from plant-based or biodegradable materials such as bamboo, cotton, or wood pulp. Check for certifications that verify eco-friendliness (e.g., FSC-certified wood pulp or Oeko-Tex-certified fabrics). Performance: Eco nappies should provide good absorption and leak protection, ensuring your baby stays dry and comfortable. Biodegradability: Some nappies are 100% biodegradable, while others may only be partially compostable. Make sure you know how long they take to decompose. Comfort and Fit: Ensure the nappy is comfortable for your baby, with a secure but gentle fit that won’t cause irritation or rashes. Cost: Eco nappies can be more expensive than traditional disposables, but many parents find the investment worth it for the environmental benefits. Certifications: Look for nappies that have been certified by environmental and health organizations, such as the EU Ecolabel or the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS). What are the Best Eco-Friendly Nappies? Each of these eco-friendly options offers its own benefits. Luckily, with most babies wearing nappies for at least a couple of years, you’ll have plenty of time to try out different brands and decide which are the best eco-friendly disposable nappies for your needs. Find out more about sustainable nappies, and start stocking up for your new arrival, by exploring our range today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
September 05, 2024
Steven Cumper
Audiometric Testing Explained
Audiometric testing is used to assess a patient’s ability to hear sound. This type of examination can be used both to test hearing loss and ensure a hearing aid is working properly. If you’re concerned about your hearing and are about to go for an audiometric test, take a look at our guide to find out exactly what to expect. Types of Audiometric Testing Hearing tests can take a number of different forms. Basic audiology tests can be carried out in a doctor’s office and may involve completing a questionnaire and listening to whispered voices, tuning forks or tones from an ear examination scope. This type of test will indicate if there is hearing loss, however, it won’t define the type of hearing loss the patient is experiencing or provide the audiologist with detailed information. If an audiologist suspects more serious hearing issues, they may carry out a formal hearing test. This will thoroughly examine the patient’s hearing ability and determine their degree of hearing loss. There are a number of different tests that can be carried out. These include: Pure tone testing Bone conduction testing Speech testing Tympanometry Immittance audiometry Acoustic reflex testing Auditory brainstem response Otoacoustic emissions Pitch matching test Pure Tone Testing Pure tone testing, also known as pure tone audiometry, uses air conduction to measure a patient’s ability to hear sounds at various pitches and volumes. During a pure tone test, the patient will sit in a specially designed booth and will listen to a series of sounds via earphones. The patient will be asked to make a signal – such as raising their hand or pressing a button – every time they hear a sound. The minimum volume required to hear each tone is graphed by an audiometer, and the test results charted on an audiogram. Having high-quality soundproof booths is critical to ensure no environmental interference with the test results. Bone Conduction Testing Bone conduction testing is another type of pure-tone testing. It measures the response of a patient’s inner ear to sound. During the test, a conductor will be placed behind the patient’s ear, against the mastoid bone, and will send tiny vibrations through the bone directly to the inner ear. This is designed to test bone conduction, an important aspect of hearing. This test is particularly useful when patients have a blockage or damage in their outer or middle ear, allowing us to isolate inner ear issues. Speech Testing Also known as a word recognition test, speech discrimination test or speech audiometry, speech testing measures the patient’s ability to detect and repeat spoken sounds. This type of testing is used to measure the speech reception threshold (SRT), which indicates the faintest speech that can be understood 50% of the time. It also measures the patient’s ability to separate speech from background noise. The test can be administered in either a quiet or noisy environment. Speech testing is particularly helpful for those with hearing aids, as it assesses their effectiveness in daily situations. Tympanometry Tympanometry measures the movement of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) in response to air pressure. The test can determine if there’s a build-up of fluid or wax, eardrum perforations or a tumor like an acoustic neuroma. Tympanometry is often performed at Australian hearing centres such as Hearing Australia and is critical for diagnosing middle ear issues Immittance Audiometry Immittance audiometry measures the function of the eardrum and the flow of sound through the middle ear. During the test, a probe is inserted into the ear and air pumped through it to change the pressure as tones are produced. During the test, a microphone is used to monitor how well sound is conducted within the ear under different pressures. Acoustic Reflex Testing Acoustic reflex testing is used to measure the involuntary muscle contractions of the middle ear. This can help audiologists to determine the location of a hearing issue, for example, in the ossicles, cochlea or auditory nerve. It can also indicate the type of hearing loss the patient is experiencing. Acoustic reflex tests used effectively in diagnosing more complex cases of hearing loss, particularly in identifying neural or inner ear issues. Auditory Brainstem Response Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is commonly used to screen newborns for hearing problems. ABR can also determine if a patient has sensorineural hearing loss. During this type of audiometric testing, electrodes are attached to the head, scalp or earlobes and the patient is given earphones to wear. Brainwave activity is measured in response to sounds of varying intensities. The Australian Government supports newborn hearing screening through the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) program, ensuring that hearing issues are identified early in life. Otoacoustic Emissions Otoacoustic emissions are sounds generated by the vibrations of the hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. They can be tested by placing a tiny probe, fitted with a microphone and speaker, into the ear to stimulate the cochlea. People with normal hearing will produce emissions. However, when hearing loss exceeds 25-30 decibels, no sound will be produced. This test is widely available across Australia, with organisations like Australian Hearing offering this test as part of their diagnostic services. Pitch Matching Test Pitch matching tests allow audiologists to check for tinnitus. During the test, the audiologist will play several different high frequency tones into the patient’s earphones. When they find the one that matches their tinnitus, they can indicate it by raising a hand or pressing a button. How a Hearing Test Works The loudness, or volume, of sound is measured in decibels (dB). A whisper is about 20 dB, while a very loud noise, like a jet engine, is about 180 dB. The tone of sound is dictated by its frequency which is measured in Hertz (Hz). Low bass tones range from 50 to 60 Hz and high-pitched tones are generally 10,000 Hz or higher. Normal hearing range is 20-20,000 Hz. Most people can hear sounds of 10 dB and higher. Hearing tests are used to determine if a person’s hearing level falls outside of this normal range. If it does, the patient may experience some amount of deafness and could require a hearing aid. Different hearing tests are used to measure different types of hearing loss. Our ears have three distinct areas – the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear – and each plays a role in transmitting sound from outside to in. Audiologists use various hearing tests to find out exactly where the issue is and learn more about what could be causing it. The three main types of hearing loss these tests measure are: Sensorineural hearing loss - damage to the nerve or cochlea Conductive hearing loss - damage to the eardrum or the tiny ossicle bones Age-related hearing loss – a type of sensorineural hearing loss that gets worse as a person ages In some cases, a person may have asymmetrical hearing loss, with either the left ear or right ear more affected. Auditory tests are incredibly useful when it comes to measuring a patient’s hearing threshold and assessing hearing loss. Find out more, and learn about the high quality audiology equipment in our collection, by taking a look around today. Frequently Asked Questions What should I expect during a hearing test? During a hearing test, the audiologist will check your hearing with a series of sounds and words. You’ll wear headphones in a soundproof booth and respond to the stimuli as instructed. The process is quick and painless. Many Australian clinics, such as Connect Hearing, offer free hearing assessments for new clients. How long does a hearing test take? A full hearing test usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the types of tests conducted. Most major Australian hearing centres like Australian Hearing offer appointments that fit into this timeframe. Does a hearing test hurt? No, hearing tests are painless. You’ll simply be asked to respond to sounds or speech, and in some cases, have small devices placed on or around your ears. How often should I get a hearing test? For adults, it’s recommended to have your hearing tested every few years if you notice any changes, or at least once a year if you are over 60 or work in a noisy environment. Australian guidelines also recommend more frequent tests for those in high-risk occupations such as construction or aviation. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
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