Steven Cumper
Steven John Cumper, B.App.Sc. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong background in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine. He founded Medshop while studying at RMIT University in Australia, expanding its reach to markets in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Malaysia. In September 2021, the Bunzl Group acquired a majority stake in Medshop, but Cumper remains involved as the Managing Director (Medshop Group). His journey from Zimbabwe to the UK and Australia reflects his dedication to academia and entrepreneurship, combining diverse knowledge and experience.
Latest Articles
January 05, 2024
Steven Cumper
Stethoscope Care and Cleaning — Get the Most Out of Your Equipment
Here then, we take a look at how to care for your stethoscope as well as a few stethoscope cleaning guidelines to ensure you get the most of our of your equipment.
July 23, 2024
Steven Cumper
What is an ECG?
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a simple, non-invasive test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. This test is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various heart conditions. In Australia, where cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, understanding the role of an ECG can help in the prevention and early detection of heart issues. An electrocardiogram is a medical test that records the electrical signals generated by the heart as it beats. These signals are captured through electrodes placed on the skin, typically on the chest, arms, and legs. The resulting data is displayed as a graph, known as an electrocardiogram, which healthcare professionals analyze to assess heart health. ECGs are often used by doctors to help them diagnose heart-related issues like coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy and heart attacks. They can also be used as part of a general check-up and to monitor patients when they’re undergoing a range of medical procedures. Because electrocardiograms are so useful, they’re one of the most common medical tests used around the world. To help you understand exactly what an ECG is and what it is used for, we’re taking a closer look at the procedure, the equipment needed and the benefits of an ECG. The Importance of Regular Heart Checks in Australia Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death and illness in Australia, affecting thousands of Australians every year. Regular heart checks, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), play a crucial role in preventing and managing heart-related conditions. One of the primary benefits of regular heart checks is the early detection of heart conditions. Many heart diseases, such as coronary artery disease and arrhythmias, may not show obvious symptoms in their early stages. An ECG can reveal abnormalities in heart function that might otherwise go unnoticed. Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can prevent serious complications, such as heart attacks or strokes. The Australian government, along with various health organizations, has implemented several programs and initiatives to promote heart health and encourage regular check-ups. Campaigns like the Heart Foundation's "Check Your Heart" initiative aim to raise awareness about the importance of heart health and provide resources for Australians to get their hearts checked. These programs are instrumental in reducing the burden of heart disease on the healthcare system and improving public health outcomes. When Should You Get a Heart Check? Healthcare professionals recommend that adults, especially those over the age of 45, should have regular heart checks. For those with risk factors or existing heart conditions, more frequent monitoring may be necessary. It's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate schedule for heart checks based on individual health profiles and risk factors. What is an ECG Test? An ECG test is a type of medical procedure that measures the electrical activity and rhythm of a patient’s heart. ECGs are often carried out in medical settings in order to monitor patients and aid diagnoses. They are also often used by paramedics and other first aid providers when working on a person experiencing a heart attack or arrhythmia. A number of good quality defibrillators come with built in ECGs. This allows first aiders to properly assess the patient’s condition and provide the most appropriate level of care. The results of an ECG are either printed on specialist ECG paper or displayed on a screen. In general, some medical training is required in order to accurately read and interpret the results of an ECG test. What is an ECG Scan? An ECG scan is another term for an ECG test. There are three main types of ECG test: resting, ambulatory and exercise stress test. A resting ECG is carried out when a patient is still and lying down. It normally takes around 10-15 minutes to complete and is used to check the resting rhythm of the heart. An ambulatory ECG is used to monitor a patient’s heart activity as they complete a variety of tasks. It’s often carried out using a portable device that is worn by the patient for a period of 24 or 48 hours. These types of ECGs can highlight occasional irregular activity and show how the heart copes with gentle exercise and daily living. As the name suggests, an exercise stress test is carried out when the patient is undergoing more strenuous physical activity. Patients are often asked to ride an exercise bike, run on a treadmill or take a rapid walk for a period of around 30 minutes while the test is underway. The results of an exercise stress test show how the heart copes with this increased physical activity. What is an ECG and What Can it Tell You? ECGs carried out on healthy hearts have a characteristic shape. Any deviation in this pattern can indicate that there is something wrong with the heart or with the blood vessels that serve it. If irregular activity is noted on an ECG, it could mean that there is damage to the heart muscle or the vessels that surround the heart, or that the patient is experiencing an irregular heartbeat. In all cases, further investigation would be required in order to accurately diagnose the condition and treat the patient. What is an ECG Machine? An ECG machine is the main piece of equipment required to carry out an ECG test. The machine itself is normally fairly lightweight and features a screen or printer that displays or prints test results. The ECG machine is attached to the patient via a series of cables and sensors. These ECG leads allow the machine to accurately measure the heart’s rhythm and electrical activity. Because ECGs measure the activity of the heart, it’s important that the patient remains still for the duration of the test. If the patient moves around too much, the test may be inaccurate and the leads may become disconnected. In general, patients undergoing ECGs will be asked to lie on a bed until the test is complete. What is an ECG Used For? There are a number of reasons a doctor might ask for an ECG to be carried out. A patient will often have an ECG if they’re undergoing a general check up or if they’re experiencing one of the following symptoms: Chest pain Shortness of breath Dizziness Fainting Fast or irregular heartbeat (palpitations) A doctor may also recommend an ECG for people who are at increased risk of developing heart disease. For example, those with a family history of heart disease, smokers, diabetics and people with high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol. What is the Difference Between an EKG and an ECG? When you begin researching ECGs, you’ll often come across the term ‘EKG’ as well. This can be confusing, but it’s important to understand that an ECG and an EKG are actually exactly the same. An EKG is simply another term for an ECG test. What Does an ECG Measure? ECG tests have been specially developed to measure the electrical activity of the heart. If a patient has damaged heart muscle or diseased blood vessels, they will affect the shape of the ECG and indicate to doctors that further tests are required. Following an irregular ECG, a patient might be sent for a chest x-ray, an echocardiogram (an ultrasound of the heart), an MRI scan or blood tests. These investigations will help the doctor to get a clearer picture of the heart and identify the exact cause of the irregular ECG. What are External Factors Affecting ECG Results? Electrical Interference The presence of electrical devices, such as mobile phones, can cause interference. Being in an environment with high electromagnetic activity, such as near large machinery or medical equipment, can affect the ECG readings. Electrode Placement If the electrodes are not placed correctly on the body, it can lead to inaccurate readings. Poor contact between the electrodes and the skin, often due to oily or sweaty skin, can disrupt the signal. What are Patient-Related Factors? Movement and Muscle Activity Any movement during the test, such as talking, coughing, or shifting positions, can cause artifacts in the ECG recording. Tensing muscles or shivering can also introduce noise into the ECG trace. Skin Conditions Conditions like eczema, dermatitis, or excessive body hair can impede proper electrode adhesion, affecting the signal quality. What are Patient Conditions that may affect the results? Electrolyte Imbalances High or low levels of potassium in the blood can alter the ECG waveform, as potassium is crucial for cardiac electrical activity. Abnormal levels of these electrolytes can also affect heart function and ECG results. Heart Conditions Irregular heart rhythms can cause inconsistent ECG readings. Scarring from a previous heart attack or surgery can affect the electrical signals of the heart. Medications Medications used to treat heart conditions, such as beta-blockers or antiarrhythmic drugs, can alter the ECG pattern. Non-cardiac medications, including some antidepressants and antipsychotics, can also impact ECG results. Substances Consumption of caffeine or nicotine before the test can increase heart rate and affect the ECG. Alcohol and recreational drugs can significantly alter heart rhythms and ECG readings. Stress and Anxiety Stress, anxiety, or panic attacks can increase heart rate and cause changes in the ECG. Physical exertion before the test can elevate heart rate and affect the results. Find out more about ECGs, browse our collection of high quality ECG machines and accessories or learn about our other specially selected medical products by exploring the Medshop site today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
November 28, 2022
Steven Cumper
Buying a Medical Student Stethoscope - Full Guide
Most medical students will need to invest in a stethoscope when they start their training. Learning how to use one of these iconic instruments properly is a rite of passage, and an essential step on the career ladder for medical students everywhere. If you’ve just started out on your medical journey, treating yourself to a good quality stethoscope will help you to feel the part and set you on your way to success. If you have a friend or family member who’s an aspiring doctor or nurse, giving them a brand new stethoscope will show you care and give them a bit of encouragement as they start out in their new vocation. To help you find the right product for your needs, and get your medical training off on the right foot, we’re taking a look at the best student stethoscope options around. What Features to Look for When Buying a Medical Student Stethoscope? In general, students don’t need a stethoscope with lots of bells and whistles when they’re just starting out. In most cases, fairly basic models will be more than enough for student doctors and nurses at the start of their training. As long as the stethoscope is good quality, durable and has high acoustic sensitivity, it should be suitable for both aspiring doctors and nurses. A model like the Spirit Classic CK-S601PF Stethoscope is ideal as it offers excellent performance and great value for money. Its excellent acoustics, floating diaphragm and advanced light binaural tubing assembly mean that students will be able to hear everything happening inside their patients’ bodies. Another thing that makes this a great stethoscope for student doctors and nurses is the fantastic range of colours available. Choose from baby blue, shocking pink, lemon yellow, dark green, purple and royal blue among many other shades. Select a bright, bold nursing student stethoscope so you can spot yours easily at the end of the day. Other good options for medical students include the Prestige Clinical I Stethoscope, the Prestige Clinical Lite Stethoscope and the Prestige Basic Spraguelite Stethoscope. All of these affordable stethoscopes offer durability, great acoustics and excellent usability. What Is the Best Stethoscope for Medical Student? While a stethoscope for nursing students and medical students doesn’t need to be particularly fancy or expensive, buying a high-end medical student stethoscope could help to future-proof your investment. After all, if you spend a little more on a professional-standard stethoscope now, you probably won’t have to buy another for years, helping you to save money in the long term. Littmann make some of the very best stethoscopes around. Known for their high-build quality, beautiful design and excellent acoustics, Littmann stethoscopes are used by top medical professionals all over the world. Thanks to their durability and accuracy, these are arguably the best stethoscopes medical students can buy. Unless you’ve already chosen your specialty, you’re probably best off with the 3M Littmann Classic III Stethoscope. This fantastic piece of equipment is a genuine all-rounder. It offers next-generation tubing with enhanced resistance to skin oils and alcohol, high definition sensitivity for doing overall physical examinations, and a tunable diaphragm. The stethoscope can be used on both adult and paediatric patients. If you’ve already decided you’re going to specialise in cardiology, opt for the 3M Littmann Cardiology IV Stethoscope or the 3M Littmann Master Cardiology Stethoscope. Providing far higher levels of accuracy than the average stethoscope student doctors may use, these specialist tools will help to get your career off on the right foot. Littmann also makes infant and paediatric stethoscopes, giving students a great choice when it comes to selecting the product that’s right for them. If you’re studying to be a doctor or nurse and are looking for a student discount Littmann stethoscopes occasionally have offers available. Keep your eyes peeled to see if you can grab yourself a bargain. What Stethoscope Is Best for a Nursing Student? Student nurses are being trained for evermore specialist roles. So, it’s essential that these hard working professionals have access to tools that can help them accurately and quickly assess their patients. A lot of nurses working in hospitals, medical centres and other clinical settings will use stethoscopes regularly to diagnose and monitor the people they care for. This means that students need to master these skills if they’re going to excel in their chosen field. Again, Littmann is one of the best names to look for when buying a student stethoscope. When it comes to choosing a Littmann stethoscope nursing students can’t go wrong with the Classic III. This all-purpose stethoscope performs exceptionally well in all areas and will make it easy for student nurses to carefully examine their patients. If your budget won’t quite stretch to a Littmann, the Prestige Basic Dual Head Stethoscope is a more affordable stethoscope nursing students can invest in. Economical and accurate, it’s ideal for general practitioners, nurses and nursing students, as well as first responders and medical students. A good quality stethoscope is a real asset to aspiring doctors and nurses. Helping them to learn this all-important examination technique, and properly diagnose and monitor their patients, a good stethoscope is an absolute must have for medical students everywhere. To find out more about student stethoscopes, or to explore our entire range of high quality medical supplies, take a look around or get in touch with a member of our team today.
January 22, 2024
Steven Cumper
How To Choose the Right Glucose Meter: Medshop Advice
If you have diabetes, you need to monitor your sugar level. With a glucose meter, you can check your sugar and track your results. We realise that choosing the right meter means you need to know what to look for. Read on and learn about the different monitoring devices, and what each of them can do. It Is Important To Use a Glucose Meter to Monitor Your Sugar Monitoring your glucose levels is vital because it can help decrease your risk of experiencing diabetes-related complications (e.g., kidney problems and vascular disease). The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) states that diabetes affects about 1.3 million Australians. The AIHW recommends that patients taking diabetes medication monitor their blood sugar levels using a glucose meter. People with type 2 diabetes usually check their blood glucose levels (BGLs): Upon waking (fasting). Before meals. Two hours after meals. Before heading to bed. Nevertheless, if you have any form of diabetes, your doctor will determine your specific diabetes management protocol. In addition, your doctor will tell you the glucose levels that you should aim for. Ways You Can Monitor Your Glucose Levels Glucose monitoring options include the capillary blood glucose meter, continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and flash glucose monitor (flash GM). The type of diabetes you have helps determine which of these diabetes care devices will be your best option. A Capillary Blood Glucose Monitor If you have type 2 diabetes, this is probably the blood glucose monitor your healthcare professional will recommend. A capillary blood glucose monitor uses a test strip and a single drop of blood to measure your sugar level. A Flash Glucose Monitor (Flash GM) If you use a Flash GM, a healthcare professional places a sensor just beneath your skin. When you scan the sensor, the monitor checks the sugar level in your tissue. The flash glucose monitoring method works because the glucose levels in your interstitial fluid are comparable to those in your blood. A Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) Continuous glucose monitors measure your glucose levels at specific intervals 24 hours a day. Just as with the flash GM, a healthcare provider inserts a sensor beneath your skin. This sensor has a transmitter attached to it. Using Bluetooth technology, the CGM’s transmitter uses a receiver to send data to your doctor. If you use a CGM or flash GM, you need to have a capillary glucose meter as well. That way, you can regularly check the accuracy of your flash or CGM device. Furthermore, if your continuous or flash glucose monitor malfunctions, you can use your capillary meter to check your sugar. What To Look For in a Glucose Meter How important each feature is to you depends on what your specific needs are. If you are unsure which options to select, consider asking your health- care provider for advice. Size Nearly all the capillary blood glucose monitors available today are easily transportable. Although portability is important, make sure the meter you choose has a display that is large enough for you to read. A Strip-Port Light If you need to take your test in an area that is dimly lit, a lighted strip port can be helpful. Since this feature is rare, if you are unable to find a monitor with a lighted port, consider one with a wider test strip dosing area. A Backlit Display A backlit display can make it easier for you to see your results. As such, if you think you will need to use your meter in areas that have very little lighting, consider selecting a monitor with this feature. Furthermore, if you have vision problems, you may benefit from a backlit display. Memory Capacity For long-term diabetes management, you must be able to reflect on your previous readings. Therefore, be sure to select a blood glucose monitor with ample storage capacity. Today, many monitors can store up to 1,000 sets with the date, time, AC (fasting) and PC (non-fasting) mode readings. LifeSmart Twoplus Blood Glucose & Ketone Meter Pros: Great for people of all ages. Ketone warning. Four daily alarms. Only needs a small drop of blood. Easy to use. Large display. USB. Free app. Stores 1000 memory sets. Compatible with IOS and Android. Cons: No Bluetooth. No lighted display. No port strip light. Blood Glucose and Ketone Test Strips We know that when test strips stick together, separating them can be a frustrating task. During the separation process, some may fall to the floor. Since dirt causes an inaccurate reading, these strips are unusable. Avoid this challenge with a meter that has a test strip cassette or ejector option. AccuChek Guide Me Blood Glucose Meter Kit Pros: Includes lancets and lancet device. Test strip cassette available. Includes a carrying case. Easy to use. App automatically sends results to phone. Large display. Wide test strip dosing area. Bluetooth. Quick, accurate results. Compatible with IOS and Android. Cons: No lighted display. No port strip light. No alarms. No test strips with kit. Software May Be Available If you choose a meter that connects to your PC or smartphone, you can use an app to review your blood sugar levels and watch for trends. In addition, with Bluetooth or a USB cable, you can quickly and easily share your data with your healthcare professionals. LifeSmart Twoplus Blood Glucose & Ketone Meter with Blue Tooth Pros: Great for people of all ages. Ketone warning. Four daily alarms. Small drop of blood. Easy to use. Large display. Bluetooth. Free app. Stores 1000 memory sets. Compatible with IOS and Android. Cons: No lighted display. No test strip port light. Audio Capability We know how difficult it can be to see your display when very little light is present. A meter with audio capability can literally tell you your test results. Therefore, if you are looking for ease of use in dimly lit areas, consider choosing a monitor that has this option. A Multi-Function Glucose Meter If you want a meter that offers versatility, consider one that monitors multiple parameters. Accutrend Plus System Pros: Tests glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and lactate. Provides accurate results for each parameter. Stores up to 100 results. Automatic performance and self-testing. Easy to use. Large display. Cons: No lighted display. No port strip light. No Bluetooth. How Much Do Blood Glucose Meters Cost? A capillary glucose monitor’s features directly affect its price. The price of a capillary glucose meter in Australia ranges from $23.00 to $250.00 AUD. How To Use Your Blood Glucose Monitor Before you begin, make sure you have gathered all the supplies you need. What you need: Your meter. A lancet device. A lancet. Testing strips. An alcohol wipe. A sharp’s container. Using your monitor: Wash your hands with soap and warm water. Dry your hands with a paper towel or fresh cloth towel. Insert the test strip. Clean the side of your fingertip with an alcohol wipe. Save this wipe. Let the alcohol dry completely before you prick your finger with the lancet. Use your lancet to prick the side of your fingertip. Pick up your monitor. Bring the test strip to the drop of blood. Touch the test strip to the drop of blood. Cover the collection site with the alcohol wipe. Place the lancet in your sharp’s container. Read your monitor’s display. Remove the test strip from your meter. Place the test strip in a garbage bin. Target Levels for Blood Glucose Your doctor or diabetic educator will let you know what your blood sugar target range is. However, Diabetes Australia provides information about blood glucose target levels. Diabetes Australia’s Target Blood Glucose Levels Target BGLs Before a Meal 2 Hrs. After Meal Type 1 diabetes 4.0 to 6 mmol/L 4.0 to 8 mmol/L Type 2 diabetes 4.0 to 7 mmol/L 5.0 to 10 mmol/L Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels During Pregnancy For the health of the mother and child, it is vital that a woman with gestational diabetes use a glucose meter to manage her blood sugar. The mother’s doctor may also recommend that she modify her diet. What if the Readings Do Not Seem Right? Your monitor gives you a different reading for each drop of blood you measure. However, you will begin to see trends in your glucose levels. Nonetheless, glucose level variances of 2 mmol/L or less are nothing to be concerned about. If your reading seems slightly off, try the troubleshooting options below: Are you using an expired strip? Is there enough blood on the test strip? Have your strips been exposed to heat or light? Is your battery flat or low? Are you using the correct test strip? Is your strip inserted into the port correctly? Were your hands dry before you collected your sample? Did you squeeze your finger to obtain the blood sample? Is your meter clean? Did you let the alcohol dry? If you used sanitiser, did you let the sanitiser dry completely? Could there be a calibration issue? If you think your calibration is off, you can use the meter’s control solution to check its range. Be sure to follow the directions in your user manual when performing this test. Is the monitor too hot or too cold? If this is the problem, let your monitor reach room temperature before trying to use it. If you still have questions, your pharmacist or diabetes educator can help you check for other issues. To learn more about using a glucose meter to monitor your sugar levels, read the Blood Glucose Monitoring Fact Sheet from the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS). Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
March 27, 2024
Steven Cumper
What is a Nebuliser?
A nebuliser is a specialist medical device that’s able to turn a liquid medication into a fine mist. This mist can then be inhaled, via a mouthpiece, into a patient’s lungs where it can treat a number of acute and chronic conditions. Nebulisers are commonly used both on hospital wards, and at home by patients living with long term lung disease. Nebuliser therapy can be incredibly beneficial to people suffering from a number of respiratory diseases. Non-invasive and pain-free, nebulisers can help to improve the quality of life of patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe asthma and other conditions that make breathing a challenge. Types of Nebulizers There are two main types of nebulisers: jet nebulisers and ultrasonic nebulisers. Ultrasonic nebulisers use high-frequency vibrations to create the aerosolised medication, while jet nebulisers use an air compressor. Ultrasonic nebulisers are expensive and generally only found in hospitals, while jet nebulisers such as Biomedex CA-MI Speedymed are more affordable and so are the most common type used to treat patients at home. Who Is a Nebuliser Used For? Nebulisers are used to treat patients with a range of conditions. Some of the most common are: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory tract infections Coronavirus Nebulisers are often used by patients in long term care and by those who are unable to use an inhaler like small children and the elderly. Overall, a nebulizer is primarily utilized by people with respiratory issues to help manage their condition and alleviate symptoms. How to Use Your Nebuliser Every nebulizer functions slightly differently, so it's essential to carefully review the instructions provided for the specific device prescribed by your doctor. Despite these variations, using a nebulizer typically involves just a few straightforward steps that we recommend: Wash your hands with soap and water. Pour medication into the nebulizer cup or follow instructions for mixing medications. Assemble the nebuliser by attaching tubing to the machine and connect the mask/mouthpiece. Place mask over nose and mouth or hold mouthpiece securely in mouth (It’s important to form a tight seal between your mouth and the mask or mouthpiece) Start the Nebulizer. Breathe normally, inhaling mist deeply and slowly. Using the nebuliser normally takes between 10 and 15 minutes. How to Clean Your Nebuliser Cleaning your nebulizer is essential to maintain its effectiveness and prevent bacterial contamination. Here's how we recommend you clean your nebulizer: Disassemble the Nebulizer by removing the mask or mouthpiece, tubing and medicine cup. Wash all parts with warm water to remove residue. Use mild soap and water to scrub parts gently. Air dry all parts thoroughly on a clean towel or paper towel. Put the nebulizer back together, by connecting the tubing to the machine and attaching the mask or mouthpiece. Keep it clean in a dry place. Perform a regular maintenance by cleaning after each use and conduct a more thorough cleaning weekly or as advised. Is a Nebuliser the Same as an Inhaler? While both inhalers and nebulisers are used to deliver medication straight to a patient’s lungs, they are not the same. Here are the main differences between the two: Inhalers: Inhalers are highly effective for delivering medication quickly and efficiently, making them ideal for immediate relief of symptoms or for managing sudden flare-ups. They're convenient and portable, allowing users to carry them wherever they go and use them whenever needed. Inhalers require proper technique for effective use, so it's essential for users to learn the correct inhalation method to ensure the medication reaches the lungs effectively. Nebulizers: Nebulizers are great for delivering larger doses of medication over a longer period, offering a continuous stream of mist for patients to inhale via a mouthpiece or face mask. Making them suitable for people who need continuous or frequent treatment. They're helpful for individuals who may have difficulty using inhalers properly, such as young children or the elderly. This ease of use makes nebulisers popular with patients in long term care as well as those treating themselves at home. What Medication is Used in a Nebuliser? Nebulizer medicines, also known as nebulizer solutions or medications, are liquid medications specifically formulated to be administered through a nebulizer. Common types of nebulizer medications include: Bronchodilators: These medications help to open the airways by relaxing the muscles around the air passages. Examples include albuterol (salbutamol), levalbuterol, and ipratropium bromide. Corticosteroids: These anti-inflammatory medications help to reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways. Examples include budesonide and fluticasone. Antibiotics: These medications are used to treat respiratory infections caused by bacteria. Examples include gentamicin and tobramycin. Mucolytics: These medications help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up. Examples include hypertonic saline and dornase alfa. Combination Medications: Some nebulizer medications contain a combination of bronchodilators and corticosteroids to provide both immediate relief and long-term control of respiratory symptoms. At Medshop, we prioritize your health and well-being. It's imperative to adhere strictly to the prescribed usage instructions for nebulizer medications, as directed by your healthcare provider. Dosage and frequency may vary based on the medication and your unique medical condition. Always follow the guidance provided with the medication, and don't hesitate to reach out to us if you have any questions or concerns regarding your treatment regimen. What Type of Machine is a Nebuliser? A nebuliser is a specially made medical device that’s used to turn liquid medication into a fine, breathable mist. It can be used both in hospitals and in the home. Nebulisers are generally made up of four sections, the nebuliser chamber, the air compressor (this is the main part of the nebuliser machine), a length of tubing and a face mask or mouthpiece. Why Does a Nebuliser Not Work for Everyone? Because nebulisers work with a patient’s natural breathing, they’re suitable for most people, even the very old and the very young. However, not all types of medication can be administered via a nebuliser, so if a patient’s medicine can’t be given by nebuliser, they may need to find an alternative treatment plan. Talk to your healthcare provider to find out which treatment option is best for you. What Are the Side Effects of a Nebuliser? In general, nebulisers are very safe, and most patients won’t experience any significant side effects. The most common side effects of nebuliser treatment are rapid heartbeat, jitteriness and anxiety. Less common side effects include headache, nausea, vomiting and throat irritation. To find out more about nebulisers and lung health, explore our collection of nebulisers and accessories or get in touch with a member of our team today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
November 28, 2023
Steven Cumper
How To Use A Stethoscope Effectively: Comprehensive Guide
Learn the art of proper stethoscope usage, identifying normal and abnormal sounds, and discovering the essential techniques for accurate assessment. How to Use a Stethoscope: A Step-by-Step Guide The stethoscope is one of the most important tools in your medical bag, and knowing how to use it effectively is paramount to your success as a medical professional. You will use your stethoscope to measure blood pressure, listen for heart sounds and bruits, zero in on lung sounds, From initial auscultation to thorough diagnosis, the proper utilization of your stethoscope will serve you and your patients well. We have gathered some tips to help you get started. Choosing the Right Stethoscope There are many types of stethoscopes, and choosing the right one depends on your needs. For example, cardiologists and pediatricians use different types of stethoscopes that work best for their patients. There are countless brands to consider, each offering different features. Some of the brands we carry even have customization options. Stethoscope types include: Classic: a general, multipurpose stethoscope like this one that is designed to meet the needs of most medical professionals. Cardiology: best used to identify heart sounds and minimize background noise. Pediatric: specifically made with children in mind, these are perfect for small pediatric patients. Digital: a newer technology, digital stethoscopes connect to smartphone apps that help with noise cancellation, increased amplification, and easier identification. They are a pricier option with advanced features. Teaching: these stethoscopes come with two headsets to allow teachers and students to listen together. Lightweight: perfect for EMTs and nurses, lightweight stethoscopes are a great option for quick auscultation. Veterinary: animals have varied body shapes that are different to humans, so veterinary stethoscopes are shaped in a way that allows access to the areas a veterinarian needs to reach. Adjusting a Stethoscope Let’s dive into adjusting your stethoscope. You need a good fit to provide accurate results. To make sure your stethoscope is appropriately adjusted: Make sure the ear tips are sized and fitted correctly: The size of your ear tips will make a difference in overall sound quality. With improperly fitted ear tips, the acoustics will be distorted, rendering the stethoscope ineffective for listening. You can purchase ear tips in a large range of sizes to suit your needs. If you are experiencing pain in your ears after wearing your stethoscope, the ear tips are too big. If you cannot get a proper seal in your ears and can hear a lot of background noise, the ear tips may be too small. Adjust the headset tension: We know how uncomfortable a stethoscope can feel when it’s fresh out of the box. With a few minor adjustments, your device will start to feel natural. If your headset is too tight, you could experience pain in the ears, or even headaches. A headset that is too loose will result in no sound coming through. Adjusting the tension in the headset is a quick and easy process. Increasing and decreasing the tension is done by pulling apart or pushing together the ear tubes. After adjustment, the tubes will hold their shape, ensuring a proper fit. How to Wear a Stethoscope Correctly How you wear your stethoscope matters, too. Depending on what you need to listen for, the patient will need to be positioned accordingly. Ear tip placement is also important. Positioning the Patient First, ensure the exam room or area is free from excessive background noise. Then you can prepare your patient for listening based on what you need to hear. To Hear: Position the Patient: Heart and abdominal sounds Supine position Lung sounds Upright position Positioning the Ear Tips The ear tips of your stethoscope need to be facing forward to work properly, with the ear tube curve pointed behind you. They need to have a snug fit and tight seal, so if this is not achieved, you will need to purchase a different size. You will be able to feel the difference and adjust as necessary. Choosing the Right Chest Piece You may be able to swap out the chest piece. If your stethoscope has this option, make sure the chest piece is right for your patient. Chest pieces are available for cardiology, pediatrics, and other specialties that may suit your specific needs. How to Use a Stethoscope: 5 Ways to Listen to Your Patient Once you have adjusted your stethoscope and ensured a proper fit, you are ready to start listening to patients. First, holding your stethoscope correctly will make a big difference in how well it works for you. Using your index and middle fingers on your dominant hand, hold the stethoscope between the bell and diaphragm with a finger on either side. This grip will help reduce extra noise compared to placing your fingers on the diaphragm. Next, make sure you are treating the individual patient and adjust your technique to work on each patient. For example, you might hear outside sounds on a patient with body hair even if the room is quiet. This is from hair rubbing against the diaphragm. Take care to be very still to avoid this issue. If your patient is overweight, you can ask them to lean forward when listening to their heart. This may help with hearing the heart in patients with a thicker chest wall. There are five main functions of a stethoscope to be familiar with: Listening to the Heart Heart sounds are an important part of your exam. To listen to a patient’s heart, you will need to: Place the diaphragm on the patient’s chest over their heart. This is on the left side of the chest, just under the breast. Maintain a tight grip on the chest piece and push down on the patient’s chest. You want to make sure you are well connected so that you do not pick up outside sounds. For a thorough examination, make sure you listen long enough and identify normal heart sounds. You can also measure their pulse. Pay attention to anything that sounds abnormal, like a heart murmur or ventricular defect. Listening to the Lungs The lungs tell the story of the patient’s breathing quality. You can listen to the lungs to check for things like air or fluid in the lungs. Like before, you will use the diaphragm side of the chest piece to listen to the lungs. You can listen from the front of the chest or the back. Make sure to move your stethoscope around to cover the entire body of each lung. Listen to both lungs and pay attention to any differences between the two. Listen for wheezing and crackling noises as well as normal breath sounds. Listening to Abdominal Sounds When listening to the abdomen, you are checking for abnormal organ activity. This helps identify issues with the bowel and vascular disease. Use the patient’s navel as a starting point and consider that the center of the abdomen. Mentally draw a diagram on the belly, separating the area into four quadrants. Use the diaphragm to carefully listen to each section separately. Check for normal and abnormal bowel sounds. Ideally, it will sound like the stomach is “growling.” Abnormal sounds include silence (this could indicate a blockage) and fast sounds, which may indicate disease. Listening for a Bruit A bruit, or vascular murmur, is “an audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow.” Bruits are often associated with blocked arteries, atherosclerosis, and murmurs. Checking for a bruit is indicated if a murmur has been identified. To check for a bruit: Locate a carotid artery in the patient’s neck. Using the diaphragm, apply light pressure. Listen for a “whooshing” sound, and take care not to confuse the sound with a murmur, as they often sound similar. Other major arteries can be used to check for bruits. Checking Blood Pressure Blood pressure is one of the easiest indicators of a patient’s cardiac health. Checking blood pressure using a stethoscope is a simple process: Snugly apply a blood pressure cuff to your patient’s arm. Ensure the patient is sitting in a relaxed position and make sure their legs are uncrossed. Use the diaphragm and place it over the brachial artery below the blood pressure cuff. Listen for Korotkoff sounds to measure the systolic blood pressure. Squeeze the bulb on the blood pressure cuff to inflate the cuff. Generally, you will inflate it to 180 mm Hg. Once the correct pressure is released, listen closely for Korotkoff sounds to determine the diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure and diastolic pressure together will indicate the patient’s blood pressure. Maintaining and Cleaning Your Stethoscope To ensure longevity and functionality, you need to properly clean and maintain your stethoscope. We have seen stethoscopes lose their effectiveness earlier than necessary due to inadequate care, so don’t skip this important step! Be sure to sterilize the stethoscope between patients. You can use regular soap and water or alcohol wipes and then air dry once cleaned. Remove the diaphragm (if your model allows) and clean it separately. Remove ear tips and swab those with soapy water or alcohol. Do not submerge the stethoscope in water, as this can destroy the inner tubes and render it useless. Conclusion You will use your stethoscope daily, so proper care and technique will make all the difference in its usefulness. These tips will help you treat patients with confidence and ensure a long life for your stethoscope. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
October 03, 2023
Steven Cumper
Littmann Stethoscope vs Spirit Stethoscope
Both Littmann and Spirit stethoscopes have their unique strengths, catering to different segments of the healthcare industry and different roles. In this article look at key features, which include performance, durability, accuracy, and pricing of each brand, so you can make an informed decision that works for you
July 23, 2024
Steven Cumper
The Best Alternatives to Latex Gloves
If you are allergic to latex and struggling to find work gloves that protect your skin without causing adverse reactions, we are here to help. In this article, we'll explore various professional protective gloves made from alternative materials that offer the same level of protection as latex without the risk of allergies. Latex gloves have long been a trusted choice for protecting the skin in various professional settings, including medical, industrial, beauty, and cleaning sectors. They provide excellent elasticity, comfort, and barrier protection. However, latex is a common allergen, causing reactions in many individuals. That’s why it's crucial to find equally efficient and durable alternatives. But, how did latex become so prevalent? And why are so many people allergic to it? Well, the answer to this lies in its origins as a naturally occurring product within rubber trees. The most common rubber tree species, the Hevea Brasiliensis, originated in the Amazon rainforest where it was first cultivated by Europeans for the production of rubber. The British were responsible for transporting the species to South East Asia where today it is grown in enormous quantities. Its durability, elasticity, and malleability ensured naturally occurring latex became widely used in the 18th Century, but it wasn’t until 1964 that it was first used to create disposable medical gloves. Unfortunately, as a naturally occurring product, latex rubber contains sensitising proteins that cause some people to have allergic reactions upon contact. These allergic reactions can range from mild skin irritations to severe anaphylactic shock, which in extreme cases can cause death. As a result, the need for safe alternatives to disposable latex gloves became extremely pressing, and there are now a number of excellent options available on the market. Here at Medshop Australia, we take a look at a few of the best alternatives just for you. Low-Protein Latex Gloves For those suffering from very mild allergic reactions to natural latex, a number of manufacturers now produce powder-free, low-protein, latex gloves as an alternative to traditional latex gloves. These benefit from having the same durability, elasticity and flexibility as normal latex gloves, and they are also better for the environment than disposable gloves made from synthetic materials that, in many cases, are not biodegradable. However, with the potential for an allergic reaction still possible, even though it is significantly minimized with reduced-protein natural rubber latex gloves, the best alternatives available are completely latex free. Benefits Reduced Allergies: Lower protein content minimizes the risk of latex allergies. High Sensitivity: Excellent tactile sensitivity for precise medical tasks. Strong Barrier Protection: Effective against pathogens and contaminants. Durability: High resistance to tears and punctures. Use Cases Ideal for tasks requiring high sensitivity and strong protection. Suitable for routine and detailed patient examinations. Used in settings requiring protection against biological hazards. Ensures safety and sensitivity during dental procedures. PVC Gloves Polyvinyl Chloride, better known as PVC, is a plastic rather than a rubber, and is therefore completely synthetic—essentially removing the natural proteins entirely. While this means no latex allergies, there are other chemicals used in its production, so it is always best to check first before you use PVC gloves. As an alternative to latex gloves they are cheap, strong (thanks to the thick polymers they are made from) and provide excellent protection from exposure to chemicals and other hazardous liquids. They are, however, far less biodegradable than latex gloves, and when used in the large quantities most hospitals require, they will have a much bigger impact on the environment. Benefits Cost-Effective: Affordable and ideal for high-usage environments. Latex-Free: Safe for individuals with latex allergies. Chemical Resistance: Good protection against mild chemicals and alcohol-based substances. Easy to Wear: Looser fit for quick and easy removal. Clear Appearance: Transparent gloves allow for better visibility during procedures. Use Cases Suitable for routine check-ups in clinics and general practice settings. Ideal for non-invasive tasks like taking blood pressure and temperature checks. Effective for managing medical supplies and paperwork. Used for cleaning surfaces, equipment, and instruments. Ensures hygiene in hospital kitchens and food service areas. Nitrile Gloves Without doubt the best alternative to latex gloves available today, nitrile gloves have become an extremely popular option in many hospitals and surgeries. This synthetic rubber is made from a combination of copolymers, not dissimilar to PVC, that produce an extremely tough and durable material to rival natural latex. Nitrile gloves have excellent protection qualities, especially when handling oil or petroleum-based products, and have even been shown to have lower failure rates than natural latex rubber gloves. Benefits Allergy-Free: Suitable for individuals with latex allergies. Durability: Highly resistant to punctures and tears. Chemical Resistance: Effective against a wide range of chemicals and solvents. Comfort and Fit: Offers a snug fit and good tactile sensitivity. Use Cases Medical examinations and procedures Laboratory work involving chemicals Industrial applications requiring robust protection You will be able to distinguish Nitrile gloves on the ward as they almost always come in blue or black colours, making it easier to spot punctures or tears. The number of wearers suffering from allergic reactions after using Nitrile gloves is below 1%, and this level of reliability has seen them become the most widespread alternative to latex in the medical industry. The only drawback with Nitrile gloves in their current form is the impact their frequent use has on the environment. Much like PVC, synthetic Nitrile polymers are extremely slow to breakdown naturally. However, there is a light at the end of the tunnel, with the first biodegradable Nitrile gloves already beginning to hit the market. These gloves do come at a price though, and until they become a little more cost effective, most hospitals won’t be rushing to stock up on them. Until biodegradable Nitrile gloves become widely available, the best alternative to latex gloves remains Nitrile gloves. Prioritising the safety and comfort of healthcare professionals and patients with latex allergies must take precedent to ensure the ongoing provision of top-quality care in Australia’s healthcare system. Medshop Australia stocks a wide variety of Nitrile gloves, as well as traditional latex ones, to meet the needs of all professionals in the medical industry. Discover our range today and browse the rest of our healthcare industry supplies on the Medshop website. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
July 22, 2024
Steven Cumper
What to Do if You Break a Mercury Thermometer
The evolution of the thermometer begins with the Greeks, with Hero of Alexandria recognising that certain substances expand and contract dependant on temperature. At that time, it was simply a water/air interface that was more of a scientific curiosity than a piece of practical equipment. It took another 1600 years for the first device that we might recognise to be invented, however this type of thermometer designed by Giuseppe Biancani in 1617, was actually called a thermoscope. Fast-forward another century and Dutch inventor and scientist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit introduces the world to the first reliable thermometer. This was the first type of thermometer to use mercury instead of water/alcohol mixtures, and it was this design that would remain in use until after the Second World War. Today, that iconic mercury-based design has all but been replaced by other types of thermometer, however, while digital now rules, in Australia, they are more prevalent than in most other western countries. Australia does not allow the sale and use of mercury thermometers for medical purposes. The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has issued guidance aligned with the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which aims to phase out mercury-containing medical devices, including thermometers, due to their potential health risks and environmental impact. This initiative, supported by WHO and other global health organizations, seeks to eliminate the use of mercury in medical devices by promoting safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as digital thermometers. Today, in many cases, alternative types of thermometer are used either alongside mercury-based devices or as replacements. Here, we take a look at the different types of thermometer used today and what to do if your toxic mercury thermometer breaks. Types of Thermometer Available Today Digital Thermometers – Digital thermometers are among the fastest and most accurate. Readings can be taken from under the tongue, the rectum, or the armpit in the same way as a traditional thermometer. Ear Thermometers – Otherwise known as tympanic thermometers, this type of thermometer uses infrared light to make temperature reading. Non-contact Thermometers – Non-contact thermometers also work with infrared to provide readings without contacting the body. They are probably the least accurate but can be useful for children. Glass Thermometers – Traditional glass thermometers using mercury or alcohol for readings are still used by individuals who already possess these thermometers. Mercury thermometers are heavily regulated and generally phased out for medical use due to their significant health and environmental risks. Alcohol thermometers, on the other hand, are considered safer and are still permitted. They are widely used as alternatives to mercury thermometers in various settings, including homes, schools, and laboratories, because they pose less risk and are environmentally friendly. Alcohol thermometers are mostly used for non-medical purposes. Using a Mercury Thermometer? Here’s What to do if it Breaks The first thing to remember if you break a mercury thermometer is that the silvery substance contained within those glass tubes has the potential to be highly toxic. Of course, identifying whether it is really mercury in your thermometer is an important step, however, it is always better to be safe than sorry. To help you identify whether the type of thermometer you are using is, in fact, mercury-based, ask yourself: Is the liquid silver? If it is not, then it is most likely to be an alcohol-based thermometer. If it is, then it may be either a mercury or a non-mercury thermometer. Does the thermometer contain any warnings? Sometimes, the paper calibration strip inside the thermometer will tell you which substance has been used. If there is no writing or warning, assume that it is mercury. Cleaning up Mercury Spills If your mercury thermometer breaks, then you can also identify whether the substance contained is mercury by observing its behaviour. Mercury is a liquid metal that has properties quite unique from other substances. Smaller droplets will pool together into a large sphere shape, which will break again into smaller droplets when pressure is applied. However, never touch mercury and take care not to scatter smaller droplets into hard-to-reach areas. When cleaning up after a mercury spill, you should be careful to NEVER do the following: • NEVER use a vacuum cleaner. This will disperse the mercury into the air • NEVER use a broom. This will break the mercury into smaller droplets and disperse them. • NEVER pour mercury down the drain. This can either damage plumbing, septic tanks, or sewage treatment plants while polluting at the same time. • NEVER walk around with mercury on your shoes of clothing. Additionally, you should prep the area where the mercury has been spilled by doing the following: • Ask people to leave the area ensuring no one walks through the mercury as they do so. Remove any pets from the area. Open all windows and doors to the outside and close doors to other parts of the building. • For absorbent surfaces, the contaminated items must be disposed of according to the guidelines below • For non-absorbent surfaces, clean-up is easier • Do not allow children or elderly people to help you clean up Instructions on How to Clean up Mercury Spills Put on rubber or nitrile gloves. Cover the affected areas with powdered sulphur, this will make the mercury easier to see and suppress any vapours. Pick up any broken glass or other debris, fold within a paper towel and place in a labelled, Ziplock bag. Use a piece of cardboard or plastic to gather mercury beads. Use slow sweeping motions. Darken the room and hold a torch at the low angle to check for any other mercury. Inspect the entire room. Use an eyedropper to draw up the mercury. Dispense onto a damp paper towel. Place the paper towel in a labelled, Ziplock bag. Place all items, including gloves, into a trash bag. Label the bag as hazardous and containing mercury. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).
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