Steven Cumper

Steven John Cumper, B.App.Sc. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong background in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine. He founded Medshop while studying at RMIT University in Australia, expanding its reach to markets in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Malaysia. In September 2021, the Bunzl Group acquired a majority stake in Medshop, but Cumper remains involved as the Managing Director (Medshop Group). His journey from Zimbabwe to the UK and Australia reflects his dedication to academia and entrepreneurship, combining diverse knowledge and experience.

Latest Articles

February 28, 2024

Steven Cumper

What is a Welch Allyn Otoscope and How to Use One

When it comes to medical diagnostics, few tools are as essential and irreplaceable as the otoscope. First described in the 14th century and modified in the 19th, diagnostic otoscopes are one of the most recognisable and commonly used medical instruments around, and the technology has made significant advances since those early designs. Investing in high quality otoscopes, alongside other diagnostic equipment such as ophthalmoscopes, retinoscopes, stethoscopes, and sphygmomanometers will help doctors and other medical professionals to accurately assess and diagnose their patients. Otoscopes can be used to screen for a variety of illnesses and conditions and are commonly used both in general checkups and specialist consultations. They are also available in a wide range of designs, with additional functionality that extends to examining the nasal canal and the throat. This in turn allows hospitals and clinics to provide patients with high-quality medical care that covers a broad range of areas. What is a Welch Allyn Otoscope? A Welch Allyn otoscope is a standard diagnostic tool produced by well-known medical manufacturer Welch Allyn. The Welch Allyn otoscope is a handheld instrument used by healthcare professionals to examine the ear canal and eardrum. It typically consists of a light source, a magnifying lens, and a disposable speculum or tip for hygienic examination. The US-based company is one of the most well-established names in the world of medical tools and accessories. Known for the quality of its products, its consistently high standards, and its innovative instruments, Welch Allyn is a trusted source for diagnostic sets and tools of all kinds. Types of Welch Allyn Otoscopes The otoscopes produced by the brand offer a number of useful functions and features. The company’s most affordable model is the Welch Allyn Pocket LED Otoscope. The device comes in four bright colours, making it ideal for use with younger patients and on paediatric wards. The instrument comes with either halogen HPX lighting or SureColour LED technology to allow doctors to accurately see all parts of the ear. It offers 2.5x magnification, increased battery life and a compact, lightweight design. The Welch Allyn 3.5V otoscope is a more advanced tool with a wider choice of functions. Six different heads are available for the otoscope, giving doctors a precise, specialist tool that’s ideal for their needs. Otoscope heads available include models with throat illuminators, models that feature lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium rechargeable handles, reusable ear specula and tools for pneumatic otoscopy. The Welch Allyn MacroView otoscope 3.5V offers doctors even better optics and magnification than other models. The instrument offers 30% higher magnification than traditional otoscopes and delivers almost twice the field of view at high magnifications compared to standard devices through the use of fiber-optic cool light technology. This can make it a lot easier to visualise the auditory canal and tympanic membrane. MacroView otoscopes are often used to enhance learning opportunities, aid decision making and boost patient outcomes. How to Use a Welch Allyn Otoscope Welch Allyn otoscopes are designed to be easy and intuitive to use, helping make diagnostics in patients more efficient. Adjustments can be made using the switches and dials on the head of the device, and with some instruments, you will also have the option of changeable heads. This provides the user with improved functionality and specialist features that suit a variety of examinations. Prepare the Otoscope Attach the appropriate speculum or tip onto the otoscope. Choose a size that fits comfortably into the patient's ear canal. Illuminate the Otoscope Activate the light source of the otoscope to ensure clear visibility during the examination. Insert the Otoscope Gently grasp the patient's outer ear and gently pull it upwards and backwards to straighten the ear canal. With the otoscope handle in one hand, carefully insert the otoscope into the ear canal with the other hand, avoiding excessive pressure. When otoscopes are held incorrectly, any flinches or sudden movements from the patient can result in damage to the ear canal. We recommend resting a finger against the patient’s neck should help to brace the otoscope and prevent the instrument causing any injuries. Examine the Ear Canal Slowly advance the otoscope into the ear canal while observing the ear canal walls for any signs of redness, swelling, discharge, or other abnormalities. Rotate the otoscope as needed to visualize different areas of the ear canal. If the area of the ear that needs to be examined isn’t clearly visible on the first attempt, the focus of the otoscope can be adjusted for better clarity. You may need to do this multiple times to find the best setting during the examination. Visualize the Eardrum Continue advancing the otoscope until the eardrum (tympanic membrane) comes into view. The eardrum should appear translucent and pearly gray in color. Note any signs of perforation, fluid accumulation, or other abnormalities. If doctors want to assess the tympanic membrane, they can use a pneumatic otoscope. These use changes in pressure to move the membrane, allowing diagnosis of issues in this part of the ear. Assessing this movement allows doctors to check for conditions including middle ear effusions, vascular lesions and inner ear fistulas. When the exam is complete, the used speculum should be removed from the otoscope to be cleaned and disinfected thoroughly before being returned. Additionally, proper storage of the specula and other accessories associated with your otoscope will help to extend their working life. Can an Otoscope See the Inner Ear? Otoscopes can’t be used to check the inner ear, however, they can provide doctors with useful information about the overall health of the ear and its various components, allowing a diagnosis of the inner ear based on the results. An otoscope allows doctors to see the ear canal and tympanic membrane. During an ear examination, an otoscope can be used to check for signs of infection, swelling, injury and other abnormalities. How Much Does an Otoscope Cost? The price of an otoscope varies according to its functionality, design, and the range of accessories included in the specific diagnostic kit. Standard otoscopes are available for less than $150 while more advanced models can cost over $200. More advanced otoscopes are often used by specialists while standard models are commonly used for check ups and other routine procedures. The Welch Allyn PocketScope Otoscope is the most affordable in our collection, while the MacroView and Welch Allyn 3.5V otoscopes are at the top end of the range. Welch Allyn produces a selection of accessories and parts for their otoscope range, although in many cases you will receive at least some of the accessories you need as part of your otoscope set. These help doctors to tailor their instruments to perfectly suit their patients and their medical requirements, allowing for a broad range of examinations within the ear, nose, and throat. Otoscopes are an essential tool for all family doctors and ear, nose and throat specialists, and they are among the most commonly used devices within the professional healthcare sector. For this reason, choosing a trusted brand such as Welch Allyn is a good way to ensure you are providing the best healthcare to your patients and that you get value for money with a device designed to last. To find out more about these innovative instruments and other Welch Allyn diagnostic sets and devices, browse the Medshop online store today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).

January 09, 2024

Steven Cumper

Ultimate Guide to Different Types of Stethoscopes

The stethoscope is arguably the most iconic piece of medical equipment ever invented. A symbol of the profession, the stethoscope is used by doctors, nurses and support staff in hospitals and clinics in every corner of the world. Take a look at our ultimate guide to stethoscopes to find the perfect device for your needs. What Does a A Stethoscope Do? A stethoscope, a pivotal tool in modern medicine, has revolutionized the way doctors diagnose and monitor internal bodily functions. This instrument has a long and significant history, with its use dating back to ancient times when physicians would listen to their patients' chests to assess their heart, lungs, and other organs. The evolution of the stethoscope began in earnest in the early 19th century, marking a significant advancement in medical diagnostics. The creation of the first stethoscope is attributed to the French physician, Dr. Rene Laennec, in 1816. Faced with the need to examine a patient's chest, Laennec ingeniously rolled a piece of paper into a tube, placing one end against the patient and the other to his ear. Laennec was amazed at the difference this made to the acoustics, and the stethoscope was born. A quarter of a century later, American George P. Camman developed a design that featured two earpieces, further enhancing the usability of the medical device. This basic model was used by medical professionals for over a century until 1960 when Dr. David Littmann significantly improved the design, giving doctors a tool they could really rely on in the process. In Australia, the stethoscope remains an essential tool in medical practice. A 2020 survey by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners found that 98% of Australian GPs use a stethoscope daily, highlighting its integral role in patient care (RACGP, 2020). These statistics underscore the stethoscope's enduring importance in the medical field, a testament to its evolution and the ingenuity of those who have contributed to its development. What Do the Chest Pieces and Ear Pieces Do? Today, virtually all stethoscopes are made up of two ear tips (also known as the headset) connected to a chest piece by a central tube. In most models, two ear tubes will split off from the main single tube to allow doctors to listen to chest sounds easily and comfortably. The ear pieces are there to receive the sounds transmitted from the chest piece, via the stethoscope tubing, to the upper part of the device. Ear pieces should fit comfortably in the user’s ear canal and relay sound accurately and clearly. Ear pieces are also used to help cut out ambient noise that could otherwise interfere with the examination. The chest piece is placed directly on the patient’s skin and is used to amplify the sounds of the internal organs. It’s this amplification that allows medical professionals to hear the various high and low-frequency sounds made by the heart, lungs, bowels and other organs. The chest piece is generally made of stainless steel and has two sides. The smaller, more rounded side is commonly known as the bell, while the larger, flatter side is called the diaphragm. Exploring your Stethoscope – Different Components and their Functionalities Component Functionality Chestpiece Contains the diaphragm (for high-frequency sounds) and bell (for low-frequency sounds). Can be rotated to switch between diaphragm and bell. Diaphragm Flat, circular side of the chestpiece. Sensitive to high-frequency sounds like heart murmurs and lung sounds. Should be applied firmly for best results. Bell Smaller, concave side of the chestpiece. Sensitive to low-frequency sounds like heart sounds. Applied lightly for best results. Tubing Flexible rubber tubing connecting the chestpiece to the earpieces. Transmits sound from the chestpiece to the ear tips. Ear Tubes Two metal or plastic tubes that transmit sound from the tubing to the earpieces. Earpieces Two small, usually rubber or plastic, components that fit into the ears. Designed to form a seal for effective sound transmission. Binaurals Y-shaped metal or plastic pieces that connect the ear tubes to the earpieces. Adjustable for a comfortable fit. Headset The combination of binaurals and earpieces that allows the user to wear the stethoscope around their neck and position it comfortably in their ears. Tubing Length Varies in length (typically 18-28 inches) depending on the type and brand of stethoscope. Longer tubing can provide greater flexibility in examining patients. Extra Features Some stethoscopes may have additional features like tuneable diaphragms, noise-reducing technology, or specialised coatings for improved sound quality. What Is a Diaphragm? The diaphragm is an integral element of the modern stethoscope. Generally used to detect high-frequency sounds, the diaphragm is the larger, flatter side of the chest piece. Most high quality stethoscopes allow the user to tune the diaphragm for maximum acoustic performance. What Are the Advantages of a Stethoscope? The stethoscope stands as a quintessential tool in healthcare, offering medical professionals an invaluable means to assess a patient's internal health. Its practicality is evident in various clinical scenarios. For instance, in a busy hospital setting, a cardiologist might use a stethoscope to detect subtle heart murmurs, indicative of underlying cardiac conditions, in numerous patients daily. Similarly, in a general practitioner's office, the stethoscope plays a crucial role in routine check-ups, enabling the doctor to listen to a patient's lungs and identify signs of respiratory issues, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.One of the most significant benefits of the stethoscope is its non-invasive nature. For example, a pediatrician can easily use it to listen to a child's heartbeat or breathing without causing any discomfort, making it an ideal tool for examining young patients who might be anxious or fearful of medical procedures. Moreover, the stethoscope's affordability and durability make it an economical choice for healthcare facilities. A high-quality stethoscope, once purchased, can last for many years, even decades. An example of this longevity can be seen in rural clinics, where resources might be limited. Here, a single stethoscope can be used to examine thousands of patients over several years, offering a consistent and reliable means of diagnosis without the need for frequent replacement.In terms of cost-effectiveness, the stethoscope proves its worth not just in high-volume urban hospitals but also in remote medical camps. For instance, in outreach programs in rural Australia, medical volunteers often rely on stethoscopes to conduct primary health assessments for numerous patients who might not have regular access to healthcare facilities. This demonstrates the stethoscope's versatility and enduring utility in a wide range of medical settings. How Many Types of Stethoscopes Are There? Over the years, manufacturers have created a number of specialist designs to help doctors get the most from their devices. There are now a number of different types of stethoscopes to choose from. Some of the most popular are: Classic The 3M Littmann Classic III stethoscope is a fantastic choice for medical professionals looking for a reliable, all-round device. Made from high quality materials and built to the latest specifications, the stethoscope offers excellent sound quality, a tunable diaphragm, next generation tubing and a 5-year warranty. Cardiology Designed specifically for cardiologists, cardiology stethoscopes amplify heart sounds and cut out ambient noise, allowing specialist doctors to properly assess their patients. If you’re looking for a reliable cardiology stethoscope, the 3M Littmann Cardiology IV stethoscope is a good choice. Like all previous models in the Littmann Cardiology range, the Cardiology IV stethoscope is made from durable, high quality materials and is designed to outperform the competition. Pediatric Using specialist pediatric stethoscopes makes it easier for doctors to accurately examine paediatric patients. Designed for use on smaller bodies, these stethoscopes allow paediatricians to listen to the heart, lungs and bowels and accurately monitor their patients. Doctors treating babies and very young children can also use infant stethoscopes to examine their patients. Digital Invest in a Digital stethoscope and you’ll benefit from the latest in medical tech as well as Littmann’s legendary build quality. The 3M Littmann CORE Digital stethoscope offers up to 40x amplification, active noise cancellation and Bluetooth connectivity. Compatible with both iOS and Android devices, these electronic stethoscopes allow you to move easily between analogue and amplified listening modes. Teaching Doctors have to learn the process of auscultation before they can begin assessing patients on their own. Teaching stethoscopes have two headsets to allow students and teachers to listen to heart and lung sounds simultaneously. This makes it easier for teachers to instruct their students and ensures pupils know exactly what they’re listening to. Lightweight High quality acoustic stethoscopes are used to examine patients in clinics and on hospital wards. While lightweight stethoscopes are often used by paramedics, nurses and other medical professionals who need to make more general assessments quickly and efficiently. In fact, these lightweight nursing stethoscopes are the ideal piece of kit of busy days on the ward. Veterinary Specifically designed for use on animals, veterinary stethoscopes often have longer tubes to allow the vet to reach the stomachs and chests of larger creatures. What Is the Difference Between a Pediatric and an Adult Stethoscope? Pediatric stethoscopes generally have smaller chest pieces than adult versions. For example, pediatric Llittmann stethoscopes have specially designed bells and diaphragms to improve acoustics and amplify the sounds of a child’s chest. What Are the Advantages of a Bell-Shaped Chest Piece? If you invest in a dual head stethoscope, you’re likely to have a diaphragm on one side of the chest piece and a bell on the other. The bell is most effective at transmitting low frequency sound waves. Although some diaphragms can be tuned to improve acoustics at low frequencies, many doctors still prefer to use the bell side of their stethoscope for maximum accuracy. How Do I Know Which Stethoscope to Buy? If you’re just starting out on your medical journey, it’s probably a good idea to invest in an all-round stethoscope like the Littmann Classic. If you’re looking for a more affordable option, the Spirit Classic is another great choice. What Is the Difference Between a Stethoscope and a Littmann? The basic stethoscope design was significantly improved by Dr. Littmann in the 1960s. Because the changes he made were so influential, his name has become synonymous with the stethoscope in many people’s minds. Today, 3M Littmann still produces some of the best stethoscope designs around. What Kind of Stethoscope Do Doctors Use? Most doctors will use a good quality double or single head stethoscope when examining their patients. Stethoscopes with tunable diaphragms, advanced lumen tubing and soft-sealing ear tips are popular with physicians as they improve both comfort and usability. What Is the Best Stethoscope to Buy? The best stethoscope for your needs will depend on your speciality and your budget. In general, it’s always best to get the highest quality device you can afford. Well-made stethoscopes should last for years, so investing in a durable model now could well save you money in the long run - not to mention make diagnoses and assessments easier and more accurate. To find out more about the stethoscopes, how to clean your stethoscope properly, and the different models and accessories available, explore our collection of high quality medical devices today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).

September 29, 2023

Steven Cumper

Nebuliser Vs Inhaler — What’s the Difference

For medical professionals, or anyone who suffers breathing difficulties caused by asthma, lung disease, or cystic fibrosis, inhalers and nebulizers are probably all too familiar, and at some point, you no doubt will have come across both. However, for those not in regular contact with these life-saving devices, there may be some confusion between the two. This article aims to explain the purpose of both nebulizers and inhalers, describing how they work, the key differences between the two, and what you should consider if you are looking to purchase one or both of these types of medication delivery devices. Read on to learn more. What Is a Nebulizer For those asking what is a nebulizer, the simple answer is that it is a specialized medical device used in the treatment of respiratory conditions. It is designed to convert liquid medicine into a fine mist, making it easier to inhale, where it enters the lungs and then into the bloodstream. Nebulizers are commonly prescribed for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and acute asthma. They are particularly beneficial for young children or those who may have difficulty using other inhalation devices. However, they are usually larger than inhalers, and they are designed to go over the mouth. How Does It Work and When to Use Them? Nebulizers rely on a power source to work, usually an air compressor powered by electrical connection or battery. Medication is added to a medicine cup, which is then attached to the mouthpiece or mask. Next the tubing is connected between the mouthpiece or mask and the nebulizer compressor. The medication is then turned into a mist which can be inhaled through the mouthpiece or mask. The time it takes to use a nebulizer will depend on the amount of medication prescribed, but users should take normal breaths during the medication delivery period. This can range from 5 to 15 minutes depending on the condition and the type of medications. In most cases, nebulizers are used during the exacerbation or flare-up of lung diseases when quick relief is critical. They are also often used on patients who are unable to use inhalers due to medical conditions, and also on babies and small children who would otherwise find using inhalers difficult. Types of Nebulizers Today, there are two primary types of nebulizers, jet nebulizers and ultrasonic nebulizers. Jet nebulizers use compressed air to generate a mist, while ultrasonic nebulizers employ high-frequency vibrations. Each type has its pros and cons, and a doctor will usually advise on which type is best suited to specific medical conditions or medication types. Pros and Cons As with any kind of medical device, a nebulizer features certain pros and cons that you should be aware of. Some things to consider include: Pros Effective for delivering liquid medication. Suitable for individuals with difficulty using handheld devices. Ideal for young children or those requiring specific dosages. Can be used during acute asthma or COPD exacerbations. Cons Requires a power source for operation. Treatment may take longer compared to inhalers. Nebulizer machines are less portable than inhalers. What Is an Inhaler An inhaler, also known as a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), is a handheld device that delivers medication in aerosol form directly into the lungs. It is a common method of drug delivery for individuals with various respiratory conditions, especially asthma. They are usually compact enough to fit into a pocket, with a small mouthpiece designed to fit into the mouth. How Does It Work and When to Use Them? Inhalers work by releasing a specific dosage of medication in the form of a fine mist. This is achieved by pressing down on the MDI, which activates the release of the aerosol. To enhance delivery, a spacer or holding chamber may be used. This accessory helps ensure that enough of the medication reaches the lungs, particularly for individuals who may have difficulty during inhalation. Types of Inhalers There are many different types of inhalers currently available today, including dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). DPIs release medication in powder form and require the patient to inhale deeply. pMDIs, on the other hand, deliver medication in a liquid propellant, which is then converted into a fine mist for inhalation. Pros and Cons Some of the benefits of inhalers over nebulizers are included below, however, it’s also important to think about the disadvantages in relation to your particular medical condition. Pros: Highly portable and convenient for on-the-go use. Quick and efficient drug delivery. No need for a power source or additional equipment. Available in various formulations, including corticosteroids and bronchodilators. Cons: Requires precise inhaler technique for optimal effectiveness. May not be suitable for very young children or individuals with coordination difficulties. Key Differences Between Nebulizers and Inhalers While often thought of as similar medication delivery devices, there are a number of key differences between nebulizers and inhalers. The table below will help you to understand the differences and why they are important. NEBULIZERS INHALERS Delivery Mechanism Convert liquid medication into a fine mist, making it easy to inhale into the lungs. This process is achieved through the use of a compressor or ultrasonic technology. Release medication in aerosol form. They function by activating a canister that propels the medication into a fine mist for inhalation. Portability and Power Source Less portable as they rely on a power source, usually a compressor, for operation. This limits their use to settings where electricity is readily available. Highly portable and do not require an external power source. This makes them suitable for on-the-go use and convenient for individuals with active lifestyles. Speed of Administration Treatments generally take longer compared to inhalers. The process of converting liquid medication into a fine mist can require several minutes to complete. Quick and efficient drug delivery. The medication is released instantly, allowing for a swift response to respiratory symptoms. Age and Patient Considerations Often preferred for young children, as they may have difficulty using inhalers effectively. The fine mist produced by a nebulizer is easier for children to inhale. Require a certain level of coordination and technique for optimal effectiveness. They may be more suitable for older children, adolescents, and adults. Accessories and Aids May be used with additional accessories, such as masks, to facilitate delivery, particularly for individuals who struggle with a mouthpiece. can be used with a holding chamber or spacer to enhance drug delivery. This accessory helps ensure that enough of the medication reaches the lungs. Types of Medication Well-suited for delivering a wide range of medications, including corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and antibiotics in liquid form. Available in various formulations, including corticosteroids for long-term control and bronchodilators for immediate relief during asthma attacks or exacerbations. Emergency Use Frequently used in cases of severe respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis or acute exacerbations of COPD. Widely used for both maintenance therapy and quick-relief applications in conditions like asthma and COPD. Factors to Consider When Choosing Between Nebulizers and Inhalers At the end of the day, choosing between a nebulizer and inhaler will depend on a variety of factors related to your medical conditions or conditions. You will need to think about the following before making a purchase: Condition Severity — Consider the severity of the respiratory condition. Nebulizers are often preferred for acute exacerbations, while inhalers can be used for both maintenance and quick relief. Age and Patient Population — Young children, elderly individuals, or those with limited hand dexterity may find nebulizers with masks or mouthpieces more manageable. Inhalers can be challenging for young children or those with coordination difficulties. Portability and Lifestyle — Nebulizers require a power source and are less portable. Inhalers are highly portable and convenient, making them suitable for active lifestyles or frequent travelers. Medication Type and Formulation — Consider the specific medications prescribed. Some may only be available in liquid form, making a nebulizer necessary. Inhalers offer a wide range of formulations, including corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and combination therapies. Emergency Situations — For emergencies like acute asthma attacks, inhalers with rapid-acting bronchodilators are often preferred due to their immediate action and portability. Patient Preference and Comfort — Involve the patient in the decision-making process. Some individuals may have a strong preference for one method over the other based on personal experience or comfort level. Which One Is Better for You: Nebulizer or Inhaler? When it comes to choosing a nebulizer or inhaler, there is no one-size-fits-all answer, and your unique circumstances must be taken into account. Sometimes one of either will suffice, however, for other medical conditions you need a nebulizer installed at home and an inhaler when you leave the house. Ultimately, the decision should be made in consultation with your doctor or healthcare provider who will assess your specific needs, preferences, and medical history. Remember, always seek medical advice before making any significant changes to a treatment plan, and always consult with your doctor on the devices you are using. For more information on nebulisers, inhalers, and other medical devices, contact Medshop today. Author: Steven John Cumper, B.App.SC. (Osteo.), M.Ost., is a businessman with a strong foundation in biomedical science and osteopathic medicine, who founded and led Medshop to international success, culminating in its acquisition by the Bunzl Group in September 2021, where he continues to serve as Managing Director (Medshop Group).

November 29, 2020

Steven Cumper

What Does N95 Mean? How and When to Wear an N95 Mask

Over the past few months, it’s safe to say that we’ve all become more aware of the importance of PPE, and the increase in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most essential elements of personal protective equipment, has allowed us to appreciate their efficacy like at no other time. Masks help to prevent virus droplets entering the respiratory system and stop an infected person from exposing others to risk, something which has proven critical in the fight against the coronavirus. However, today, people are wearing different types of masks in different environments, and from your standard cotton face covering to the iconic surgical mask, each offers different levels of respiratory protection and filtration efficiency. One of the most widely recognised standards used in medical settings is N95, and many healthcare workers will already be familiar with this type of disposable respirator. These types of masks are used in hospitals, clinics and doctors surgeries but they are also becoming increasingly common outside of these settings as members of the public strive to stop the spread of the virus and protect themselves from airborne contaminants. For those unaware of the difference between a surgical N95 respirator and say, a less protective surgical mask or cotton face covering, here we look at exactly what these highly effective masks entail. Additionally, if you’re currently looking to restock your supplies of PPE, investing in good quality masks is essential, and here we take a closer look at how to wear them and how they can protect you and your patients from infection. What is a N95 Particulate Respirator? A N95 particulate respirator is a face mask that’s designed to filter out particulates as low as 0.3 microns. This type of facemask was originally developed for use in the mining and construction industries, specifically manufactured to protect the wearer from breathing in potentially dangerous particles in the atmosphere. N95 respirators have also been shown to be effective as protection against engineered nanoparticles and other aerosols. Standard N95 respirators will protect the wearer from a range of particles including dust, paint droplets and airborne pollution. They won’t protect against gasses or vapours and they are only effective in the absence of oil particles such as lubricants, cutting fluids and glycerine. If you want to protect yourself from virus droplets and infection, you need to look for a surgical N95 mask. These types of masks are designed to offer a tighter fit around the nose and mouth. This helps to prevent virus droplets being either inhaled or spread by the wearer. Using a N95 respirator mask correctly can significantly reduce the risk of infection and prevent the transmission of a virus. N95 masks that are used in medical settings are not reusable and should be disposed of after each use. However, N95 respirators that are used for industrial purposes can be cleaned and re-worn multiple times. There are some people who may not be able to wear N95 masks. This is because respirators can make breathing more difficult. If you have one of the following conditions, you should talk to your doctor before wearing a face covering. · Emphysema · Pulmonary fibrosis · Claustrophobia · Panic attacks · Heart disease · Anxiety · Autism What is a N95 Approved Mask? When a mask has a N95 rating it shows that it meets the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) N95 classification for air filtration. This standard states that a respirator needs to filter at least 95% of airborne particles. The standard does not require the mask to be resistant to oil. If a mask is N95 approved, it will prevent you from breathing in 95% of the particulates in the air around you. It won’t stop you from breathing oxygen. Only masks that meet this standard can be labelled as N95. These types of masks are also known as N95 filtering face piece respirators, and they are used by professionals in a number of industries including healthcare, construction and mining. How Long Can You Wear a N95 Mask? The length of time you can wear a N95 mask for will vary depending on the setting and the people you are coming into contact with. The CDC says that N95 respirator masks can be worn continuously for up to eight hours without a problem. This length of use is appropriate if you’re only working in healthcare settings where one patient or with a single group of patients are all infected with the same pathogen. If you’re moving between hospital wards or between patients with unknown infections, a new mask should be worn for each occasion. Changing masks on a regular basis helps to prevent cross contamination and protect patients and staff from infection. If you’re moving between patients and don’t have an option to dispose of your mask, wearing a clear visor can help to prevent virus droplets and small particles contaminating the respirator. Is a P2 Mask the Same as N95? When looking for PPE supplies, you may well see some face masks with a N95 rating and others with a P2 classification. Both N95 and P2 masks offer a high level of protection with . N95 masks filter at least 95% of particulates from the air while P2 masks filter 94%. The main difference between the standards is the area of classification. While N95 masks are rated by NIOSH, P2 masks are regulated by the European Union. How Does a N95 Mask Protect Against Viruses? A lot of viruses are spread by airborne particles. These particles are released into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or breathes next to a non-infected person. When the virus droplets are inhaled, the non-infected person can catch the virus and become ill. N95 respirators help to protect against the spread of viruses by through particulate filtering that prevents virus droplets in air entering into the mouth or nose. If an infected person wears a N95 mask, the respirator will prevent virus droplets from spreading when the person coughs, sneezes or exhales. If a non-infected person wears a N95 mask, they will be protected from 95% of the virus droplets in the air and have a much lower risk of becoming infected. How to Wear a N95 Respirator? Wearing your N95 respirator correctly will ensure you benefit from the full protection of the face mask. The respirator needs to cover both your nose and mouth and should form an air-tight seal with your face. If you’re not sure how to wear a N95 mask, ask your employer for guidance. What is a N95 Respirator Fit Test? A N95 Respirator Fit Test is used to ensure people using N95 masks know how to properly use the PPE. During the test, employees will be asked to try on a selection of N95 respirators. The person carrying out the test will check to see if the wearer is able to create an air-tight seal between the mask and their face. This is important as an air-tight seal will prevent contaminated air escaping from the mask and also prevent virus droplets entering the mask. Fit Tests should be carried out when this type of mask is first used and then every year after that. Once an employee has established which type of N95 mask fits them best, they should stick to this style for all future use. What Are N95 Mask Sizes? N95 masks are available in a range of sizes. This helps to ensure masks fit the wearer precisely. The way masks are sized varies depending on the manufacturer, and in most cases, you’ll be able to choose from small, small/medium, medium and medium/large sizes. If you work for a company or organisation that requires you to wear a N95 mask, they should provide you with a choice of sizes for your fit test. This will give you the opportunity to try on a few different sizes and find the mask that best fits your face shape. What is a N95 HEPA Mask? HEPA stands for high efficiency particulate air filter. HEPA filters are incredibly effective, removing between 99.95% and 99.999% of particulates from the air while also protecting the wearer from allergens, bacteria, mould, pollution and viruses. N95 respirators aren’t fitted with HEPA filters and only remove 95% of particulates from the air. In most medical settings, a N95 mask will offer sufficient protection. If you need more protection than a N95 mask provides, look for a HEPA air-purifying respirator or N100 respirator instead. What is a N95 Particulate Respirator Made Of? Most N95 particulate respirator masks are made from synthetic plastic fibres. These fibres are woven into a fine mesh and are able to catch at least 95% of particulates that pass through them. Polypropylene is one of the most common polymers used in the production of N95 masks. Where Can You Buy a N95 Mask in Australia? As N95 masks are an important part of PPE, they should always be purchased from a reliable supplier. This is true whether you’re working in construction, mining or healthcare. If you plan to buy a mask from a local hardware shop or another non-specialist retailer, make sure the mask is rated N95 and not KN95. The KN rating shows the product is made in China. And although these masks are supposed to meet the same standards as N95 respirators, NIOSH has found that, in many cases, KN95 masks fall well below standard. A good quality N95 mask will probably cost between $40 and $80. Discounts are often available for bulk orders, so if you’re purchasing on behalf of a clinic, hospital or group, make sure you take a look at the offers available before you buy. For the best choice of single-use N95 masks and the most competitive prices, take a look at the Medshop Australia collection today.

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